tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28298686247050174722024-03-13T22:42:54.409+01:00INSIDE ZAMFARAThis blog has been designed to served as a veritable sources of reference material for the plethora of inquirer who I believe are desirous to gain first hand knowledge about our state, (Emirates , District and Biography of their Royal Highness)-students, researchers, teachers and all those visiting just for interest will find this site help Full! ThanksGarba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-1724419523380568872012-09-22T15:54:00.002+01:002012-09-22T15:55:27.651+01:00EMIRATE COUNCILS IN ZAMFARA STATE: EMIRS AND THEIR CLASSBelow are the names of their Royal Highness the Emirs from the 17 Emirate council in zamfara state. They are however divided into First and Second class depending on their status.
FIRST CLASS EMIRS
1. HRH Alh. Attahiru Muh’d Ahmad (CON)
(Sarkin Zamfara)
Emir of Zamfara
2.HRH Alh. Kabir Muh’d Danbaba (OFR)
(Sarkin Katsinan Gusau)
Emir of Gusau
3. HRH Alh. Aliyu Abara (MFR)
(Sarkin Mafaran Gummi)
Emir of Gummi
4. HRH Alh. Muh’d Ahmad Asha (MFR)
(Sarkin Kiyawa)
Emir of K/Namoda
5. HRH Alh. (Dr) Bello Muh’d Barmo (OON)
Emir of Mafara
6. HRH Alh. Ibrahim Ahmad (III)
(Sarkin Fulanin Bungudu)
Emir of Bungudu
7. HRH Alh. Garbo Muh’d Tambari (MFR)
(Sarkin Kayan Maradun)
Emir of Maradun
8. HRH Alh. Habibu Aliyu (MFR)
(Yan Doton Tsafe)
Emir of Tsafe
9. HRH Alh. Muh’d Usman (FICEN)
(Sarkin Dankon Bukkuyum)
Emir of Bukkuyum
10. HRH Alh. Abubakar Atiku Muh’d
(Emir of Zurmi)
11. HRH Alh. Engr Bello Sani
(Sarkin Burmin Bakura)
Emir of Bakura
SECOND CLASS EMIRS
1. HRH Alh. Ahmad Umar
Emir of Kotorkoshi
2. HRH Alh. Ibrahim Na-Umma (MON)
(Banagan Maru)
Emir of Maru
3. HRH Alh. Moh’d Makwashe Isah (MFR)
(Sarkin Gabas Shinkafi)
Emir of Shinkafi
4. HRH Alh. Ahmed Mustapha Dan Ali
(Dan Alin B/Magaji)
Emir of Birnin Magaji
5. HRH Sama’ila Muh’d Ari II (MON)
(Sarkin Burmin Moriki)
Emir of Moriki
6. HRH Alh. Husaini Umar
(Sarkin Kudun Dan Sadau)
Emir of Dan Sadau
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Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-11991295409909860442010-03-25T18:24:00.000+01:002010-03-25T18:24:55.754+01:00Blogger Buzz: Blogger integrates with Amazon Associates<a href="http://buzz.blogger.com/2009/12/blogger-integrates-with-amazon.html">Blogger Buzz: Blogger integrates with Amazon Associates</a>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-76045386076720296722010-03-10T17:55:00.002+01:002010-03-11T12:52:14.875+01:00<span style="font-weight:bold;">BRIEF ON THE EMIR OF BAKURA<br /><br />Alh. Bello Muh’d Sani FNSE. 00N Emir of Bakura.<br />H.R.H. was born in the year 1948 at Bodinga, as a child, his father enrolled him into Quranic School and subsequently g school and subsequently got admitted into junior Primary School at Anka between 1955 – 1958. he proceeded o Senior Primary school Kotorkoshi between 1959 – 1961. between 1962 – 1968 H.R.H. to proceeded Government College, Keffi ABU Zaria between 1969 – 1973. He did not stop there as he proceeded to University of Dundee in Scotland between 1976 – 977, whee he obtained his M.Sc in Civil Engineering.<br /><br />WORKING EXPERIENCE <br />1. Pupil Engineer, North Western State, Ministry of Works, Transport and Housing, Sokoto, July 1974 – August 1975.<br /><br />2. In service job, attachment with MESSRS DARAL HANDASAH firm of consultants Beruit Lebanon May, 1975, Dec 1975.<br /><br />3. Engineer Grade II Ministry of Works and Transport, North Western State, Sokoto , August 1975 – December, 1977.<br /><br />4. Senior Executive Engineer, Ministry of Works and Transport, Sokoto, Jan. 1978 – Jan. 1979.<br /><br />5. Principal Engineer, Ministry of Works and Transport Sokoto Feb. 1979 – April 1980.<br /><br />6. Ag. Chief Engineer, Jan. 1979 – July 1981.<br /><br />7. Deputy Chief Civil Engineer May 1980 – Dec. 1981.<br /><br />8. Ag. Permanent Secretary May 1981 – June 1981.<br />9. Chief Civil Engineer, Ministry of Works and Transport, Dec. 1981 – April, 1982.<br /><br />10. Chief Building Engineer, Ministry of Works and Transport, May 1982 – June, 1983.<br /><br />11. General Manager’s Assistant in charge of building projects, Union Bank of Nig. Ltd, July 1983 – Dec. 1985.<br /><br />12. Senior General Manger’s Assistant, Union Bank of Nig. Jan. 1986 – Jan 1989.<br /><br />13. Director Building and Engineering Services, Central Bank of Nigeria, Feb 1989 – Sept 1996.<br /><br />14. Self employed, Feb 1989 – Sept. 1996.<br /><br />15. Resident Electoral Commissioner, Kano and Nigeria States, Sept. 1998 – March 2000 respectively.<br /><br />16. Self Employed, April 2000 – April 2001.<br /><br />17. The Emir of Bakura, April 2001 to date. <br /><br /><br />DISTRICT HEADS IN BAKURA EMIRATE<br />ALH. BELLO A. YUSUFU II ALH. ISAH ABDULLAHI <br />Senior District Head District Head of Birnin Tutu<br /><br />ALH. BUNU SHEHU BAKURA ALH. YAHAYA TUKUR<br />District Head of Nagarawa District Head of Bakura<br /><br />ALH. ALIYU DURUMBU ALH. GARBA ABUBAKAR<br />District Head of Dankado District Head of Arewa Nasarawa<br /><br />ALH. HASSAN MARAFA ALH. GARBA TUDU TUMBA<br />District Head of Damri District Head of Tudun Tumba<br /><br />ALH. MUH’D MAHAMOOD ALH. ISAH BIRNIN KAYA<br />District head of Nasarawan District Head of Binin Kaya<br /> Dankaiwa <br /><br />LAH. MUH’D A. SHEHU ALH. SANI M. BELLO<br />District Head of Dakko Dan Malikin A. Jawargi<br /><br />ALH. ISAH YUSUFU III BAKURA ALH. BELLO BAKURA<br />District Head of Dan Manau District Head of Yarkofoji<br /><br />ALH. YAHAYA YUSUF III ALH. MUHAMMAD SANI<br />District Head of Dambo District Head of Sabom Gari<br /><br /><br /><br />HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE EMIR OF BIRNIN M. MAGAJI<br />ALH. MUSTAPHA ALIYU BAWA DAN ALI<br /><br />Alh. Mustapha Aliyu Dan Ali Emir of Birnin Magaji was born on 14th January, 1943 in Birnin Magaji town. In fact, being exposed to Western education, he attended Junior Primary School, Birnin Magaji from 1955 – 1960 I n the same vein he proceeded to Senior primary School, Kotorkoshi from 1961 – 1963 which was crowned by his tremendous effort to obtain Grade II Teacher’s Certificate at Teacher’s College, Maru. As distinguished in his studies. Being a man so focused and mindful of his career. He received his Junior Primary School Certificate in 1960 which was out rightly followed by a Senior Primary School certificate and grade 1 Teacher’s Certificate.<br /><br />He successfully secured a job, at the then Town Primary School, K/Namoda from January 1969 to December 1969 to December 1969 as a class teacher. The journey of his working career unveiled as he became the headmaster of a Primary School in Nasarawa Mailayi in January 1970. In July 1975, he was transferred to Zurmi as the headmaster of Primary School, Nasarawa Zurmi. The rising profile unfolded when he became the Area Education Officer in LEA K/Namoda Local Government.<br /><br />Transparency and efficiency promoted him to the exalted seat of Assembly Member; Sokoto State House of Assembly in October, 1979 – 1983. this position was held back in October 1983 – December 1983. as people normally say that a light is never hidden, he was appointed Chairman, Education Committee, Sokoto State House of Assembly in 1979 – 1983. Chairman House Service Committee, Sokoto State House of Assembly 1983 – December 1983. Chairman Argungu Fishing Festival 1983 – 1984. Chairman Part-time Education Committee LGEA, B/Magaji 1996 – 1998. Executive Committee Member, movement for the creation of Zamfara State 1980 – 1996. Secretary movement for the creation of B/Magaji Local government 1981 – 1997. Member Committee State Development Appeal Fund on 10th December 1997, Member on the Joint Committee Coronation of the five Emirs 10th December 1997, Member Committee on the Joint Committee Coronation of the five Emirs 10th December 1997. member Committee for the Restructuring of traditional institutions in Zamfara State, 22 July 1999. Member Coordinating Committee on Transition to Civilian Government 14th May 1999. Member Zamfara State Independent Electoral Commission 23rd June 1999. Chairman Local Government Sub-committee on creation of new Local Governments.<br /><br />He was turbaned as District Head of Nasarawa Godel on 20th September 2000. he succeeded the first emir of B/Magaji Emirate and was turbaned as 2nd Emir of B/Magaji Emirate, the position he hodls to date. He is a member of the Boys Scout Society of Nigeria and Man O’ War Bay Club.<br /><br />Education is said to be the propelling force in a man, he likes reading. Traeling is another distinguished feature he is known for. He is married and blessed with children.<br /><br /><br />DISTRICT HEADS IN B/MAGAJI EMIRATE<br /><br />ENGR. BASHIR UMAR B/MAGAJI ALH. SHEHU MAISHANU<br />District Head of Sabon Birni District head of Maishanu<br /><br />ALH. ABDULLAH USMAN ALH. UMARU ZAKI<br />District Head of kannu District Head of Yantabaki<br /><br />ALH. MANDE MAGAJI ANGO ALH. AKILU MUH’D ASHA<br />District Head of Kiyawa District Head of Gusami <br /><br />ALH. USMAN BELLO ALH. TUKUR BALA<br />District Head of Billashe District head of Maikuru<br /><br />ALH. MUH’D WAKKALA ALH. ALIYU MUH’D ASHA<br />District Head of nasarawa Mai Layi District Head of Burnun Modomawa<br /><br />ALH. MUH’D NURA DAN ALI ALH. KABIRU A. BALARABE<br />District Head of Nasarawa Godal District Head of Chigama<br /><br /><br /><br />BIREF HISTROY OF HIS ROYAL HIGNESS, EMIR OF<br />BUKKUYUM ALH. MUHAMMADU USAM<br /><br />Alh. Muhammadu usman emerged from the family of Sarkin Danko Sule and was born on 17th April, 1955 at Bukkuyum.<br /><br />He had his primary education frm 1962 – 1969 and later went to Farm Institute Kasarawa in Sokoto State in 1970. he attended Giginya Memorial Collge, Sokoto from 1973 – 1978.<br /><br />He is a renowned political figure who held so many political posts as follows:<br />i. Vice-Chairman, Gummi Local Government<br />ii. Member House of Representatives, Abuja<br />iii. Chairman Screening Committee for Members of National Assembly.<br />iv. Chairman, Primaries to the National Assembly, Oyo State.<br />v. Publicity Secretary ANPP Zamfara State.<br />vi. Member Zamfara State Independent Electoral Commission.<br /><br />He was appointed Sarkin Yamma (District Head) of Bukkuyum in the year 2000, and later elevated to the rank of 2nd class Emir of Bukkuyum and member, Zamfara State Council of Chiefs in February 2001. On 27/05/2003, the Emir was upgraded to 1st class Emir, the position he holds to date. His hobbies are farming and rearing of animals.<br /><br />DISTRICT HEADS IN BUKKUYUM EMIRATE<br /><br />ALH. ALIYUMAJIDADI ALH. ABUBAKAR -<br />District head of Kado ABDULRAHMAN ALIYU<br /> District head of Masamar Moc<br /><br />ALH. MUHAMMAD SANI S/DUTSE ALH. ABUBAKAR<br />District Head of R/Jema District Head of S/Gwashi<br /><br />ALH. MUH’D BELLO BAKIN TS ALH. MUHAMMAD BAWA<br />Bukkuyum District Head of Sabon Gari<br /><br /><br />ALH. SANI MOH’D S/GABAS ALH. SULEIMAN SHUAIBU<br />Senior District Head District Head of Fajagora <br /><br />ALH. AHMAD MAGAJI ALH. GARBA MOH’D<br />District Head of Bunun R/Ran District Head of Durunbun Gan<br /><br />ALH. AHMAD ABDULLAHI S/GABAS ALH. IBRAHIM ABDULLAHI ALKALI<br />District Head of Danguruta District Head of Zarummai<br /><br />ALH. SAIDU UMAR ALH. MUSA S. KIYAWA<br />District Head of Rafin Maiki District Head of Adabka.<br /><br />ALH. ABDULLAHI GWASHI ALH. AMINU BELLO<br />District Head of Akawo District Head of Nasaraw<br /><br />EMIR OF BUNGUDU, ALH. IBRAHIM AHMED III<br /><br />His Royal Highness the Emir of Bungudi Alh. Ibrahim Ahmed the third (III), was born in 1918 at Bungudu Town. State his Islamic Eduation (Qur’anic School) from his teacher Malam Mani Limanchi and later studied some basic religious texts with his uncle Alh. Yaro of Unguwar Masallacin Lalle Bungudu.<br /><br />Having satisfied with his hardworking, integrity, dedication and his performance in different capacities. His father recommended him, and the Sokoto native Authority (NA) approved his appointment as the village head (Magajin Gari) of Bungudu from 1949 – 1980.<br /><br />Alh. Ibrahim the 3rd was appointed as District Head from 1980 – 1997 His Royal highness succeeded his brother Shehu Ahmed who was the district head (Sarkin Fulani) in 1980. the elevation of Alh. Ibrahim Ahmad III would not have been possible without his selfless services to the contemporary people of Bungudu. Therefore, he has been able to carry out his assignment without any rancor but rather he tried his best to meet the aspiration of the people under this jurisdiction from 1980 – 1997.<br /><br />His Royal Highness was elevated to 3rd class Emir from 1997 – 2000 by the military Administrator of Zamfara State Col. J.B Yakubu. One of the district head elevated to the status of an Emir was the Sarkin Fulanin Bungudu Alh. Ibrahim Ahmad III as the 2nd class Emir Alh. Ibrahim the 3rd as 2nd class Emir from 2000 – 2003 was again elevated to the status of 2nd class Emir by the 1st Civilian Governor of Zamfara State Alh. Ahmad Sani Yariman Bakura. Alh. Ibrahim Ahmad III was also elevated 1st class Emir from 2003 to date.<br /><br /><br />DISTRICT HEADS IN BUNGUDU EMIRATE<br /><br />ALH. BELLO SALIHU MNI ALH MANI AHUCHE<br />District Head of Kwaikwai Keku Nahuche<br /><br />ALH. KABIR ABUBAKAR ALH. IBRAHIM FURFURI<br />District Head of Rawayya District head of Furfuri<br /><br />ALH. BELLO MOH’D ALH. ABDULLAHI AHMAD<br />Ubandawakin Nahuche District Head of Bela.<br /><br />ALH. SIDI ABUBAKAR ALH. UMMARU BAWAN ALLAHI<br />Magajin garin bungudu District Head of Gada<br /><br />ALH. IBRAHIM MARAFA ALH. BELLO YUSUF IDRIS<br />District Head of Kurar Mota District Head of Karakkai <br /><br />ALH. LAWALI IBRAHIM ALH. ABDULLAHI USMAN KURE<br />Rafin Bungudu District Head of Bungudu<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-88615059530382932632010-03-05T18:51:00.000+01:002010-03-05T19:22:25.289+01:00BIOGRAPHY OF S/KIYA ALH MUHAMMAD AHMAD ASHA M.F.R EMIR OF KAURA NAMODA AND DISTRICT UNDER THE EMIRATE<span style="color:#9999ff;">His Royal Highness Alh. Ahmad muhammad Asha MFR was born on 26 june, 1950 in Kaura Namoda town as achild of distinguished family, he was accorded with Islamic and western education. he was enrolled into malam Dodo Gurmu's Qur'anic school at the age of four. He was later transfered to Sheikh Muhammad Mahe Kambarawa school where he started reading chapters of the Holy Qur'an. He was admitted into then township primary school. Kaura Namoda from 1958-1964. He proceeded to Nagarta Collage, Sokoto from 1965-1969 where he obtained west African school certificate. From there he got admission into the staff Training center in 1974 where he obtained a clerical officer's certificate after which he proceeded to Sokoto state polytechnic where he got his executive Grade account and auditing certificate from 1981-1982. He also obtained Diploma in public account and auditing from 1984-1985. His Royal Highness also attended Abdu Gusau polytechnic Talata Mafara from 2000-2001 where he obtained a Higher Diploma in Public accounting and auditing. Alh Muhammad Ahmad Asha started his career as teacher at Mallamawa(mamuda primary school kaura Namoda) in 1970. He was appointed sarkin Tudu of kaura Namoda and village head of kiyawa in may 1970. After his voluntary resignation as village head, he took up appointment with Local Government service in sokoto sate. He was a store-keeper with Kaura Namoda Local Government.</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">Hobbies his Highness likes reading and travelling. some of the counry he visited include; Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Chad and Niger Republic.</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">DISTRICT IN KAURA NAMODA AND THEIR HEADS</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">1 SENIOR DISTRICT HEAD ALH UMMARU GARBA III</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">2 KAURA NAMODA WEST ALH ISAH BUHA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">3 KAURA EAST ALH MUHAMMAD GARBA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">4 SABON GARIN KAURA ALH IBRAHIM DAN-AUTA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">5 SARKIN YAKI ALH IBRAHIM ALIYU KAURA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">6 KAURA WEST ALH NASIRU AHMADA ASHA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">7 KAURA MIDDLE ALH MUHAMMAD BELLO BASHARI</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">8 GABAKE ALH SIRAJO MUAZU</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">9 KASUWAR DAJI ALH IBRAHIM SARKIN FADA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">10 BANGA ALH ABUBAKAR NAUMMA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">11 KURYA MADARO ALH MUHAMMAD MADARO</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">12 BARKEJI ALH BAKO BAURA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">13 DOGON KADE ALH MUHAMMAD D/BABA</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">14 DAN ISA ALH ISAH DANGO</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">15 RAFIN KUNGUR ALH BELLO MAIGARI</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">16 YANKABA ALH IBRAHIM BUHARI AMMANI</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">17 RUTUTU ALH ISAH BAWAI</span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">18 MADIRA ALH ALIYU MUHAMMAD MADIRA</span>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-39234534594834442482010-03-05T18:24:00.002+01:002010-03-23T13:03:24.657+01:00BIOGRAPHY OF H.R.H EMIR OF MAFARA ALH. DR BELLO MUHAMMAD BARMO AND THEIR DISTRICTS<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S6it7FqrjzI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/lHjnfA_7SvQ/s1600-h/HRH+Barmo.jpg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 368px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S6it7FqrjzI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/lHjnfA_7SvQ/s400/HRH+Barmo.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5451798579577065266" /></a><br /><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:times new roman;color:#33ccff;">THE BIOGRAPHY OF H.R.H THE EMIR OF TALALATA MAFARA<br />ALH. DR BELLO MUHAMMAD BARMO OON<br />Alh. Dr Bello Muhammad Barmo was born at Talata Mafara in the year 1963. he was enrolled into Qur;anic school at an early age before his primary education. He attended many institutions after his primary schools, incliding Gusau Teachers Collage, Federal Collage of Education Katsina (where he obtained his NCE). He later graduated from University of Maiduguri. H.R.H served as teacher and rose to the rank of Education secretary in the year 1996. He was once the private secretary to the district head of Talata Mafara from 1981-1995. He was later appointed as the district head of Talata Mafara on April 27 1996, and was later turbaned as the first emir of Mafara in the year 1997. H.R.H is a recognized citizen highly respected and was given merit awards such as (FICEN) Nigerian Media Links National merit award, and Award for peace and unity by the all saint University America (ASUA) in 2002. He also had award of OON.<br /><br />DISTRICTS IN TALATA MAFARA EMIRATE AND THEIR HEADS<br />1 MATUZGI ALH. TUDUN MATUZGI<br />2 RINI ALH SHUAIBU ABDULLAHI<br />3 TALATA MAFARA ALH. RUFAI MUHAMMAD BARMO<br />4 RINI I ALH HALILU SULAIMAN RINI<br />5 MARAFA ALH MARAFAN MAFARA<br />6 GARBADAU ALH MURTALA RUWANBADO<br />7 SABON GARI KAGARA ALH MUSTAPHA KAGARA<br />8 TAKE ALH UMMARU FARUK<br />9 JANGEBE ALH BUHARI SARKIN YAKIN JANGEBE<br />10 MAKOWRA<br />11 RUWAN GORA ALH ISHAKA BALARABE RUWAN GORA<br />12 MORAI ALH ABDULMALIK MUHAMMAD<br />13 KAYAYEN ALH ABUBAKAR KAYAYE<br />14 GALADIMA ALH HARUNA MAFARA<br />15 SAUNA ALH MUHAMMADU<br />16 BAZAI SADO ALH SANI TUKUR<br />17 GWARAM ALH MAGAJI<br />18 RUWAN BORE ALH MUHAMMADU<br /><br /> </span></div>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-91796049913083128502010-03-05T13:07:00.000+01:002010-03-05T13:13:28.949+01:00BIOGRAPHY OF H.R.H EMIR OF GUSAU ALH. DR MUHAMMAD KABIR DANBABA AND DISTRICTS UNDER GUSAU EMIRATE<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S5D1TttXP-I/AAAAAAAAADg/3pDQsMghAPM/s1600-h/11438_1163138966812_1477988631_30447936_258076_s.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5445121668527112162" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 112px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 130px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S5D1TttXP-I/AAAAAAAAADg/3pDQsMghAPM/s400/11438_1163138966812_1477988631_30447936_258076_s.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><span style="font-family:courier new;color:#6666cc;">BIOGRAPHY OF H.R.H ALH. (DR) MUHAMMAD KABIR DANBABA (OFR)<br />SARKIN KATSINAN GUSAU, EMIR OF GUSAU.<br /><br />H.R.H Alh. Dr Muhammad Kabir Danbaba OFR, Emir of Gusau capital city of Zamfara state was born in 1927. this gentleman of integrity and of good reputation acquired his educational qualification as thus: He started his elementary school in 1935 at the early age of 8. the zeal in Alh. Dr Muhammad Kabir Danbaba, gave him as its popularly said ‘the work of a man paves way for him’. As a hard working man, Alh. Muhammad Kabir became the magajin Garini 1974 at the age of 47 years, which he held for the period of 10 years. He clamed ladder of leadership as he was made district Head of Gusau , in 1984 which he held for period of 13 years. Because of his efficiency and zeal in his office. He was upgraded to a second class Emir in 1997. Which he held for 3 years.<br />Alh. Muhammad Kabir was elevated to the rank of first class Emir in 2000, a post which he is still holding honorably to date. He can be proudly called/described as a man of integrity, honors, zealous, hard working and what have you to describe a good leader. He is loved, full of respect and honored by his people. Among his good qualities of leader is his hobby of reading the Holy Qur’an . Alh. Muhammad Kabir is married and blessed with 37 children<br /><br />DISTRICTS IN GUSAU EMIRATE AND THEIR HEADS<br /><br />1 TUDUN WADA ALH BASHAR KABIR DAN BABA<br />2 DAMBA ALH USMAN FARUK<br />3 WONAKA ALH USMAN KOGO ABDULKADIR WONAKA<br />4 MADA ALH ISMAILA BARAU MADA<br />5 GALADIMA ALH MUHAMMAD NAKABO<br />6 RUWAN BORE ALH MANDE ABDULKADIR<br />7 WANKE ABDULKADIR USMAN MAYANA<br />8 MAYANA ALH MUHAMMAD MAKYA<br />9 SABON GARI ALH BASHIR MUHAMMAD<br />10 RIJIYA ALH UMARU IBRAHIM<br />11 MAGAMI ALH ADAMU MUHAMMAD<br />12 MADAWAKI ALH YAHAYA MADAWAKI</span></div>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-57085818850885431952010-03-05T12:11:00.001+01:002010-03-09T14:18:19.967+01:00BIOGRAPHY OF HRH THE EMIR OF ZAMFARA ALH. ATTAHIRU MUHAMMAD AHMAD CON AND DISTRICTS UNDER HIS EMIRATE ANKA<strong><strong><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S5Dnh54tk8I/AAAAAAAAADY/DDELth7ioZQ/s1600-h/11438_1163185807983_1477988631_30448023_657197_s.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5445106519151317954" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 103px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 130px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S5Dnh54tk8I/AAAAAAAAADY/DDELth7ioZQ/s400/11438_1163185807983_1477988631_30448023_657197_s.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div><span style="font-family:courier new;color:#ffcc66;">BIOGRAPHY OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS ALH. ATTAHIRU MUHAMMAD AHMAD CON, EMIR OF ZAMFARA AND CHAIRMAN ZAMFARA STATE COUNCIL OF CHIEFS<br /><br />Alh. Attahiru Muhammad Ahmad, the 56th Sarkin of Zamfara and the 1at emir was born in 1961 at a village called Matseri, about 16 kilometers away from Anka town. He started his education career as early as 1965 at Qur’anic school in Matseri and continue perusing Islamic education at Anka under the supervision of his uncle late, Malam Yahaya Ahmad in 1967. the same year his father ascended the throne as 55th Sarkin Zamfara. Having been grounded on the rudiments of Islamic religion. His Royal highness enrolled with Anka town primary school in1968. he however continued pursuing the Qur’anic education along with western education.<br />After his primary education was admitted into Government secondary school, Gummi (now unity collage) in1974. it was here that Attahiru quality of leadership began to manifest. He was assigned with the responsibilities of mails (mail prefect) and House prefect in1978 and 1979 respectively. After his secondary education, Attahiru gained admission into sokoto state collage of Arts and science (SCAS) where he pursued and successfully passed the interim joint admission and matriculation examination (IJMB) which prepared him for direct entry into one of the prestigious university in Nigeria, Bayero University Kano in 1982. He read combined honors degree in political science and English and graduated in the year 1985. After graduation HRH participated actively in the one year NYSC program and serve in Kaduna state. That was during the 1985/86 service year. With a sound educational base, the emir started his working career at the federal ministry of external affaires now ministry of foreign affairs in 1987. His 1st appointment was third class secretary and he eventually rose through the ranks up to the post of counselor. While in foreign service. His highness attended a number of on-the-job training including the prestigious foreign service academy (FSA). His dedication and commitment made him to secure membership of the Nigerian institute of international affairs (NIIA) in 1989 of which he is still a full member.<br />In 1991 he was posted to Sudan embassy of Nigeria in Khartoum as the second secretary. At Sudan he was assign many responsibilities that eventually prepared him for his present exalted positions. While in Sudan, HRH was able to attain the positions of second-in-command after the death of the ambassador, he hold the position of the president of of African Diplomatic Associations (ADA) in the republic of Sudan in 1994. he was also a member the commonwealth club while in Sudan. It was after the death of his father in November, 1993 that he was appointed as the Sarkin Zamfara and was subsequently appointed as the emir of Zamfara and chairman Zamfara sate council of chiefs in the year 1997. between the years of 2003 t0 2004. his royal highness proceeded to Ahmadu Bello University Zaria where he successfully pursed Masters Degree in International law and diplomacy thereby becoming the first emir ever to have gone back to school for further education. His royal highness holds various responsibilities positions in the country. He is vice president General of the supreme council for Islamic affairs. He is also vice president general Jamaatul Nasril Islam (JNI). Emir Attahiru is also the chairman JNI committee on Health, social welfare and disaster relief. He is a grand patron of many organizations and associations. The emir of Zamfara has unique status and character, which are so dynamic and appealing that will make you instantly develop respect and love for him. He is ever ready to champion the cause of truth. He candidly tells the truth with regards to any issues of local, sate, national and international levels.<br />Another thing worthy of note is the emir’s contributions to national development. He has, through his royal position been involved in many national assignments. he has taken it on himself to contribute his quota in the educational development of his people. In order to show how committed he is to educational development, the emir set a record of being the first chairman of the state council of chiefs to have enrolled for masters degree while still serving as an emir, in addition the emir was through the Anka Emirate development association (ANKEDA), established a private primary schools that is being sponsored by his emirate. The emir had also established Islamiyyah schools in all the fourteen district pf his emirate with recruited qualified Islamic instructors that are being remunerated by Anka emirate. These schools are to serve as avenue for obtaining basic Islamic religious knowledge, there by preventing children from attending school outside their areas, which leads to street begging. HRH is recipients of many awards including the National Honors Award CON bestowed on him by former president Olusegun Obasanjo GCFR in 2002. HRH the emir of Zamfara travel widely through out the globe, some of the countries he visited are; KSA, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, South Africa, Indonesia, Italy, UAE, and Kenya. He is happily married with children and he enjoys discourse reading, traveling and interactions with common people.<br /><br />DISTRICTS IN ANKA EMIRATE AND THEIR HEADS<br />S/N<br />DISTRICT<br />DISTRICT HEAD NAME<br />1<br />SENIOR DISTRICT HEAD ANKA<br />ALH HALILU AHMAD ANKA<br />2<br />SARKIN GABAS ANKA<br />ALH. MUHAMMAD MAISAJI<br />3<br />YARIMAWA<br />ALH. MUSA MUAZU<br />4<br />SABON BIRNI<br />ALH ABUBAKAR ABDULLAHI<br />5<br />YARMATANKARI<br />ALH SULE ABUBAKAR<br />6<br />WUYA<br />ALH UMAR USMAN<br />7<br />BAWAR DAJI<br />ALH ABDULLAHI MAIDANGARI<br />8<br />BAGEGA<br />ALH JIBRIL HARUNA<br />9<br />KEWAYE<br />ALH HUSSAINI TANKO<br />10<br />MATSERI<br />ALH HALILU HAMISU TUDUN MASTERI<br />11<br />WARAMU<br />ALH HARUNA MUHAMMAD<br />12<br />MODA<br />ALH MUHAMMAD SANI MODAC<br />13<br />FAGUN<br />ALH UMARU MUHAMMAD<br />14<br />DUTSIN DAB AJIYA<br />ALH MUHAMMAD DAN MALAN<br /><br />15<br />GIMA<br />ALH ZUBAIRU MUHAMMAD<br /><br /><br /></span></div></strong></strong><strong></strong>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-58190163726361707112010-03-05T10:30:00.000+01:002010-03-05T10:41:31.781+01:00EMIRATES IN ZAMFARA STATE AND THEIR DISTICTS<span style="color:#000099;">SAVENTEEN EMIRATE COUNCILS IN ZAMFARA STATE AND THEIR DISTRICT.<br /><br />Uplifting the standard of our traditional institution by Zamfara state Government means everything to Zamfara people. To address the issue of cultural settings and dynamic leadership of our native administration seventeen emirate were approved in the state. Below is the alphabetical list of the emirates:-<br /> Anka Emirate<br /> Bakura Emirate<br /> Birnin Magaji Emirate<br /> Bukuyum Emirate<br /> Bungudu Emirate<br /> Dansadau Emirate<br /> Gummi Emirate<br /> Gusau Emirate<br /> Kotorkoshi Emirate<br /> Kaura Namoda Emirate<br /> Maradun Emirate<br /> Maru Emirate<br /> Moriki Emirate<br /> Shinkafi Emirate<br /> Talata Mafara Emirate<br /> Tsafe Emirate<br /> Zurmi Emirate<br />This site therefore intends to publish brief History about their Royal Highness and some synopsis on their districts. The site also comes to render help for researchers and writers looking for the biographical history of our state, our Emirate and to crown it all collective data on the district in Zamfara state. </span>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-29366347733460754382010-03-05T10:04:00.000+01:002010-03-05T10:21:16.880+01:00ZAMFARA HOME OF FARMING AND SHARI'A<p align="justify"><strong><span style="font-family:Courier New;color:#000066;">HOME OF FARMING AND SHARI’A<br />October 1999 could be regarded as milestone in the history of shari’a legal system introduced in Zamfara state by the first elected civilian Governor Alh Ahmad Sani Yariman Bakura. The main objectives of introducing the shari’a legal system was not only meant to get rid of social vices concurrent at that time, but also to create an ideal Islamic atmosphere where religious practices would be perfectly observed. </span></strong></p>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-10073795329596851322010-03-03T20:40:00.002+01:002010-03-25T18:51:25.935+01:00AGRO-BASED AND MINERAL RESOURSES IN ZAMFARA<span style="font-style:italic;"><div>T/Mafara
<br />Agro-Based
<br />Rice, maize, wheat,
<br />fish, G/nut. G/corn,
<br />tomatoes, cassava,
<br />millet, locust beans,
<br />kenny, sugarcane,
<br />hides & skin
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Granite, Quartz, Clay,
<br />Tantalite
<br />Rice Mill, canned fish, Oil Mill,
<br />sugar plant, tannery, fruit
<br />processing, flour mills.
<br />canned beef.
<br />Refractory Bricks Burnt Bricks
<br />7 Kaura Namoda
<br />Agro-Based
<br />Maize. G/nut, G/corn,
<br />tobacco, cassava,
<br />locust beans, hides &
<br />skin
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Gold. Granite, Galena,
<br />Kaolin
<br />Cornflakes, canned beans, oil
<br />mills, flour mills, tobacco
<br />processing, tannery
<br />>ava processing, gold
<br />mining, granite cutting,
<br />kaolin benefaction
<br />8 Maradun
<br />Agro-Based
<br />Rice, Maize. Wl
<br />Fish, G/nut, G/corn,
<br />potatoes, tomatoes,
<br />sheanut, cassava, locust tannery & oil mill
<br />beans, kernel, hides &
<br />skin
<br />Rice mill, ceramic tiles,
<br />potato flakes, corn flakes,
<br />flour mill, fruit processing,
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Clay, granite, precious
<br />stones, tantalite
<br />High temp, devices
<br />9 Tsafe
<br />Agro-Based
<br />G/corn, G/nut, locust
<br />beans, bagaruwa gum
<br />arabic, hides and skins,
<br />livestock, okro, spices
<br />Flour mill. Ginnery, tannery,
<br />gum spices powder, canned
<br />beans, mini textiles, mini
<br />corn flakes, baby food, animal
<br />feeds
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Granite gold
<br />Gold mining
<br />10 Gummi
<br />Agro-Based
<br />Calabash, sorghum,
<br />millet, cowpea, rice,
<br />sugarcane, maize,
<br />tomatoes, locust beans,
<br />gum arabic, kenny, hide
<br />&skin
<br />Calabash seeds, oil. flour mill,
<br />brown sugar, gum tannery,
<br />kunun zaki
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Silica sand, diluvial gold.
<br />Granite
<br /><a name="2">Page 2</a>
<br />LAI.
<br />too
<br />norvvxo
<br />feM^fiw
<br />o
<br />11 BirninMagaji
<br />12 Maai
<br />13 Shinkafi
<br />14 Zur m i
<br />Agro-Based
<br />Maize, millet, G/nut,
<br />cowpea, cotton, locust
<br />beans, G/nut
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Gold, clay
<br />Agro-Based
<br />G/corn, maize, millet,
<br />cotton, G/nut, sheanut.
<br />cowpea
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Alluvial gold mining,
<br />granite, rock, Chromate,
<br />charnovite, tantalite
<br />Agro-Based
<br />Tobacco, millet, G/n
<br />cowpea, G/corn,
<br />livestock, hides & ski
<br />Acacia nilotica
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Granite
<br />Agro-Based
<br />Maize, cotton, hides &
<br />skins, G/corn, millet
<br />Mineral-Based
<br />Kaolin, high-grade
<br />kaolin, feldspar,
<br />Tantalit
<br />Cotton thread, G/nut oil.
<br />flour mill, kunun zaki, hand
<br />loan factory
<br />Pottery
<br />Flour.minihand loan factory,
<br />kunun zaki, G/nut, granite
<br />cutting
<br />High temp, devices
<br />Cornflakes, popcorn, flour
<br />mill, G/nut oil, kunun zaki,
<br />tannery
<br />Granite cutting
<br />Kaolin benefaction
<br />OTHER VIABLE MEDIUM SCALE INDUSTRIES IN ZAMFARA STATE
<br />1.
<br />Tomato Paste Canning
<br />8.
<br />Polythene Bags
<br />2.
<br />Fruit and Vegetable Processing
<br />9.
<br />Ceramic Tiles and Sanitary Wears
<br />3.
<br />Meat and Diary Processing
<br />10.
<br />Refractory Bricks Production
<br />4.
<br />Chalk Production Plant
<br />11.
<br />Hydrated Line Plant
<br />5.
<br />Fish Farming Project
<br />12.
<br />Mini Fertiliser Plant
<br />6.
<br />Fish Meal Production
<br />Mini Cement Plant
<br />7.
<br />Mini Sugar Plant
<br />14.
<br />Particle Board Manufacture
<br /><a name="3">Page 3</a>
<br />eco
<br />rrtfWiG
<br />Finally, it is the desire of the State Government to enter into
<br />meaningful joint venture/technical partnership with any
<br />serious or genuine able and willing investor (individual,
<br />corporate or government), taking into
<br />cognisance our areas of comparative
<br />advantage. It is also the intention of the
<br />State to give all necessary support in
<br />terms of facilitating the sourcing of
<br />finance, provision of enabling
<br />infrastructure and educating and
<br />encouraging our indigenous
<br />businessmen/entrepreneurs.
<br />Below is a list of profiles for the identified
<br />projects in the State:
<br />TOMATO PASTE CANNING
<br />Tomato is grown in large commercial quantities all over the
<br />State all the year round with little or no known means of its
<br />hygienic preservation. This generates a substantial loss of
<br />revenue for its growers due to its rapid perishable nature. If
<br />this project is established, it will provide a ready available
<br />market for its producers as well as providing the facilities for
<br />its long-term preservation. Talata Mafara will be more
<br />ideal as it will serve as a converging point for producers.
<br />PARTICLE BOARD MANUFACTURE
<br />Particle board is used mainly by furniture workers as well as
<br />the building industry for ceiling and partitioning purposes.
<br />The project when established is to manufacture particle
<br />boards with the use of working wastes of
<br />especially our numerous furniture factories
<br />and other agricultural by products of fibrous
<br />plants such as wheat and corn straws as the
<br />major raw materials. The project will require
<br />only a few imported chemicals.
<br />V £
<br />HYDRATED LIME PLANT
<br />Good quality limestone is the required raw materials for the
<br />production of hydrated lime. Zurmi Local Government of
<br />the State is ascertained to have large commercial reserves
<br />of good quality limestone and kaolin
<br />deposits. The product - Hydrated Lime or
<br />calcium hydroxide can be consumed by our
<br />^ii-iTJ numerous water treatment plants, fertiliser
<br />manufacturers, cement companies and
<br />\ ' other producers of chemicals. This will, in
<br />turn, conserve foreign exchange that is
<br />expected on its importation. Again, with
<br />reported large deposits of it all over the
<br />country, export market could be exploited
<br />for foreign exchange earnings.
<br />LIMESTONE
<br />BENEFICIATION/CALCINATION =
<br />CALCIUM HYDROXIDE = HYDRATED
<br />UME.
<br />MINI SUGAR PRODUCTION
<br />Sugar cane plantations abound everywhere in the State,
<br />pummi. Shinkafi and Bakura Local Governments are
<br />jrticularly outstanding. Presently, our sugar cane is
<br />lostly limited to only individual/household (chewing
<br />sne) crude consumption. If this industry is established in
<br />the State, it will provide a ready market for the local
<br />producers with little or no need for any supporting
<br />additional sugar cane plantations.
<br />LEATHER INDUSTRY
<br />The position of Zamfara as one of the most important
<br />livestock producers in the country informed the need for
<br />the establishment of a modern
<br />mechanised tannery. Hides and skins
<br />are the main raw materials used in
<br />leather industry. Hides and skins are
<br />produced in all the 14 Local
<br />Government Areas of the State.
<br />Tanning is an old traditional
<br />occupation
<br /><a name="4">Page 4</a>
<br />tvorvwo
<br />o
<br />lèUU * *
<br />in various parts of the State, but it has been observed
<br />that the local Tanners available lack the modern
<br />techniques of slaying (removal) as well
<br />dehydration, storage and preservation to take care of
<br />microbes.
<br />OTHER AREAS OF VIABLE INVESTMENTS
<br />OPPORTUNITIES B^^^^^^fl
<br />In the area of solid mineral development, necessary
<br />contacts should be established with the Federal
<br />Department of Geological Survey and the Bigerian
<br />Mining Corporation in order to conduct
<br />comprehensive geological survey to determine the
<br />occurrence quality and commercial quantity of our
<br />solid minerals.
<br />TOURISM SECTOR
<br />The overall objectives of the Tourism policy of Nigeria
<br />is to contribute to the wealth of the nation and its
<br />citizens, largely through foreign exchange and
<br />employment creation while providing an interesting,
<br />hospitable and worthwhile experience for visitor.
<br />Tourism is a vast economic and social phenomenon.
<br />It is a capital intensive industry which necessitates the
<br />direct involvement of both the private and the public
<br />sectors.
<br />Zamfara State is bestowed abundantly with rich
<br />tourist attraction, which derives from its rich history
<br />and culture. These tourist attractions include:
<br />1.
<br />Kalele hippopotamus ponds
<br />2
<br />Kuyambana Games Reserve
<br />3.
<br />Kotorkoshi Rocks
<br />4.
<br />Lake Natu
<br />5.
<br />Dusti (the first seat of Zamfara)
<br />6.
<br />Bakalori Dam
<br />7.
<br />TombofNamoda
<br />8.
<br />Dashi Tunnel
<br /><a name="5">Page 5</a>
<br />OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND DATA FOR
<br />INTERESTED FOREIGN INVESTORS IN NIGERIA
<br />NIGERIA: COUNTRY PROFILE, THE LAND AND PEOPLE
<br />Area:
<br />Population:
<br />Capital:
<br />Government:
<br />" Official Language:
<br />23,766sq km
<br />110 million (estimate)
<br />Abuja
<br />Three-tier Structure -
<br />-a Federal Government,
<br />-tate Governments.
<br />Local Government
<br />Council Administration
<br />English
<br />in Ports
<br />igos (Apapa, Tin-can Island), Warn, Port Harcourt. Onn
<br />p Sea and Hub Port, Calabar (EPZ)
<br />a in Airports
<br />is, Kano, Port Harcourt, Abuja, Enugu. Kaduna,
<br />aiduguri, Ilorin, Jos. Owerri, Calabar, Yola, Sokoto
<br />Road Network
<br />r 15,000km of intercity all weather paved roads.
<br />Hiding Dual carriage express trunks.
<br />• Main Indigenous Languages: Hausa. Igbo. Yoruba
<br />• Main Religions: Christianity, Islam,
<br />Traditional
<br />• Main Commercial/Industrial Cities
<br />Lagos, Onitsha, Kano, lbadan, Poi
<br />Jos. Kaduna. Warri, Benin. Nnewi
<br />• Major Industrial Complexes
<br />• Refineries and Petro-Chemicals:
<br />• Iron and Steel:
<br />• Fertilizer:
<br />• Liquified Natural Gas:
<br />• Aluminium Smelter:
<br />.
<br />Railways
<br />2 mam lines (South-West to North-East; South East to
<br />North-West; interlinked and terminatory at Lagos, Port
<br />Harcourt, Kaura Namoda, Maiduguri and Nguru. Major
<br />junctions at Kaduna, Kafanchan. Za
<br />Gauge: 1067mm; Total length 3505 route km
<br />! Harcourt. Aba, Maiduguri,
<br />• Energy
<br />Hydro-electric
<br />Thermal and Gas:
<br />Kaduna, Warri, PortHarcourt
<br />Eleme
<br />-
<br />Ajaokuta, Warri,
<br />Oshogbo. Katsina, Jos
<br />Onne-Port Harcourt,
<br />Kaduna, Minna. Kano
<br />"
<br />Bonny
<br />• Currency
<br />Ikot Abasi, Port Harcourt
<br />NAIRA:
<br />Kainji. Jebba, Shiroro.
<br />Egbin (Lagos) Ughelli, Afam,
<br />Sapele, National grid for
<br />electricity distribution; National
<br />pipeline network with regional
<br />depots for petroleum product
<br />distribution; National network
<br />(pipeline) for distribution of
<br />gas (under construction).
<br />N1.00 = 100k
<br />(One naira = hundred kobo)
<br /><a name="6">Page 6</a>
<br />il
<br />LOCAL FRAMEWORK
<br />ACTIVITIES
<br />SS
<br />FOR BUSINES
<br />.
<br />Methods of Conducting Business
<br />All business enterprises must be registered with
<br />Registrar General of the Corporate Affairs Commission
<br />(Registrar of Companies). A foreign investor wishing»
<br />set up business operations in Nigeria should take all
<br />steps necessary to obtain local incorporation with the
<br />Nigerian branch or subsidiary. Business activities may
<br />be undertaken in Nigeria as:
<br />i) Private or Public Limited Liability Company
<br />ii) Unlimited Liability Company
<br />iii) Company Limited by Guarantee
<br />iv) Foreign Company (branch or subsidian.
<br />foreign company)
<br />v) Partnership/Firm
<br />vi) Sole Proprietorship
<br />vii) Incorporated Trustees
<br />viii) Representative Office
<br />THE COMPANIES AND ALLIED MATTERS AÍ
<br />AND INCORPORATION PROCEDURE
<br />The Companies and Allied Matters Act, 1990
<br />Companies Act) is the principal law regulating
<br />incorporation of business. The administration of]
<br />Companies Act is undertaken by the Corporate .
<br />Commission (CAC) and its functions include:
<br />i) The regulation and supervision of the formation,
<br />incorporation, registration, management and
<br />winding up of companies.
<br />ii) The maintenance of a Companies Registry.
<br />iii) The conduct of investigation into the affairs of any
<br />company in the interest of its shareholders and
<br />the public.
<br />MINIMUM SHARE CAPITAL AND
<br />DISCLOSURES IN MEMORANDUM OF
<br />ASSOCIATION
<br />The minimum authorised share capital is N10.000 in
<br />the case of private companies or N500.000 in the case
<br />of public companies. The memorandum of Association
<br />must state inter-alia that the subscribers "shall take
<br />amongst them a total number of shares of a i
<br />less than 25 per cent of the authorised capital and that
<br />each subscriber shall write opposite his name the
<br />number of share takes." The law permits and
<br />acknowledges the roles of attorneys and other relevant
<br />professionals in facilitating business transactions
<br />provided of course, that this "agency arrangement is
<br />disclosed."
<br />MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMPANY-
<br />PROHIBITION OF TRUSTS
<br />The Companies Act prohibits "notice of any trust,
<br />express, implied or constructive" and such shall not be
<br />entered on the registrar of members or be receivable by
<br />the CAC.
<br />SHARES
<br />All categories of company shares are to carry one vote
<br />each shares with "weighted" voting rights are
<br />prohibited. All shares (i.e. whether ordinary or
<br />preferential) issued by a company must carry one vote
<br />in respect of each share. Consequently, preference
<br />shareholders are entitled to receive notices and attend
<br />all general meetings of the company and may speak
<br />and vote on any resolution before the meeting.
<br />DISCLOSURES TO BE PUBLISHED IN
<br />COMPANY CORRESPONDENCE AND
<br />BUSINESS PREMISES
<br />Every company is obliged to disclose on its letterhead
<br />papers used in correspondence. The following
<br />particulars:
<br />Name of the company/enterprise
<br />Address
<br />ii) Registration/Incorporation Number
<br />v) Names of Directors and Alternate Directors (if
<br />any). In addition, the law requires
<br />companies/enterprises to ensure that the
<br />Certificate of Registration be displayed in
<br />conspicuous positions at their principal and
<br />branch offices.
<br />*
<br /><a name="7">Page 7</a>
<br />m *' mm • il ¿Wä ndiju
<br />o
<br />Non-Nigerian may invest and participate in the
<br />operation of any enterprise in Nigeria. However, a
<br />foreign company wishing to set up business operations in
<br />Nigeria should take all steps necessary to obtain local
<br />incorporation of the Nigerian branch or subsidiary as a
<br />separate entity in Nigeria for that purpose. Until so
<br />incorporated, the foreign company may not carry on
<br />business in Nigeria or exercise any of the power of a
<br />registered company.
<br />The foreign investor may incorporate a Nigerian branch
<br />or subsidiary by giving a power of attorney to a qualified
<br />solicitor in Nigeria for this purpose. The incorporation
<br />documents in this instance would disclose that
<br />solicitor is merely acting as an "agent" of a
<br />whose name(s) should also appear in the dot
<br />The power of attorney should be designed to lapse and
<br />the appointed solicitor ceases to function upon the
<br />conclusion of all registration formalities.
<br />The locally incorporated branch or subsidiary company
<br />must then apply to the Nigerian Investment Proi
<br />Commission (NIPC) for a Business Permit ana ather
<br />requisite permits and licences.
<br />EXCEPTIONS TO THE GENERAL RULE
<br />Where exemption from local incorporation is desire^H
<br />foreign company may apply in accordance with Section
<br />56 of the Companies Act, to the Nation
<br />Ministers for exemption from incott^BSg a local
<br />áy or person, where such contract has been approved
<br />by the Federal Government.
<br />The application for exemption from disclosing certain
<br />details about the applicant is to be made to the Secretary
<br />of the Government of the Federation (SGF). If
<br />successful, the request of the applicant is granted upon
<br />such terms and conditions as the National Council of
<br />Ministers may think fit.
<br />REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES
<br />Foreign companies may set up representative offices in
<br />Nigeria. A representative office, however, cannot
<br />engage in business or conclude contracts or open or
<br />negotiate any terms of credit. It can only serve as a
<br />promotional and liaison office, and its local operational
<br />expenses have to be flowed from the foreign company. A
<br />representative office has to be registered with the CAC.
<br />FOREIGN INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS AND
<br />PROTECTION
<br />PRINCIPAL LAWS ON FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
<br />Wie principal laws regulating foreign investments, are: the
<br />HperjiAivestment Promotion Commission Decree No.
<br />|6 ^^^K and the Foreign Exchange (Monitoring and
<br />Decree No. 17 of 1995.
<br />inei
<br />IN
<br />subsidiary if such a foreign company belongs to one of
<br />DEREGULATION OF EQUITY STRUCTURE
<br />NIGERIAN ENTERPRISES
<br />lively, tl (^Enterprises Promotion (Repeal)
<br />the following categories:
<br />a) Foreign companies invited to Nigeria by or with
<br />the approval of the Federal Government of Nigeria to
<br />execute any specified individual project;
<br />Decree No. 7 of 1995 has abolished any restrictions in
<br />■espect of the limits of foreign shareholding in Nigerian
<br />registered/domiciled enterprises. The only enterprises
<br />that are still exempted from free and unrestrained foreign
<br />participation are those involved in:
<br />b) Foreign companies which are in Nigeria for the
<br />execution of a specific individual loan project on
<br />behalf of a donor country or international
<br />organisation;
<br />c) Foreign government-owned companies engaged
<br />solely in export promotion activities; and
<br />d) Engineering consultants and technical experts
<br />engaged on any individual specialist project under
<br />contract with any of the governments in the
<br />Federation or any of their agencies or with any other
<br />Production of arms and ammunitions:
<br />Production of and dealing in narcotic drugs and
<br />psychotropic substances.
<br /><a name="8">Page 8</a>
<br />Stage C
<br />1.
<br />CHECKLIST FOR SETTING UP COMPANIES IN
<br />NIGERIA WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDING
<br />Stage A
<br />1. Establish partners/shareholders and their respective
<br />percentage shareholdings in the proposed company.
<br />2. Establish name, initial authorised share capital and
<br />main objects of proposed company.
<br />3. Except in instances where the proposed company
<br />will be 100 per cent owned by non-resident
<br />shareholders prepare Joint-Venture Agreement
<br />between prospective shareholders. The Joint
<br />Venture may specify, inter-alia, mode of subsc
<br />by parties, manner of Board Composition, n
<br />protective quorum for meetings, sper ons
<br />which would necessitate sharp holders* approval
<br />special or other resolutions.
<br />Prepare Memorandum and Articles of A
<br />incorporating the spirit and intents of the Jo
<br />Venture Agreement.
<br />5. Foreign shareholder may grant a power of attorney
<br />to its solicitors in Nigeria, enabling them to act a
<br />agents in executing in corpo ration and
<br />statutory documents pending the giant of Busim
<br />permit (i.e. formal legal status for foreign;"*
<br />branch/subsidiary operations to the foreign
<br />shareholder).
<br />6. Conduct a search as to the availability of the
<br />proposed company name and, if available, reserve
<br />the name with the CAC.
<br />7. Effect payment of stamp duties. CAC filing fees and
<br />process and conclude registration of the company as
<br />a legal entity.
<br />Stage B
<br />1. Obtain a "Tax Clearance Certificate" for the newly
<br />registered Company.
<br />2. Prepare Deeds of Sub-Lease/Assignment. as may be
<br />appropriate, to reflect firm commitment on the part
<br />of the newly registered company to acquire business
<br />premises for its proposed operations.
<br />Prepare and submit simultaneous applications to the
<br />NIPC (on the prescribed NIPC Application Form) for
<br />the following approvals:
<br />Business Permit and Expatriate Quota;
<br />Pioneer Status
<br />applicable)
<br />and other incentives (where
<br />The application to the NIPC should be accompanied
<br />by the following documents;
<br />Copies of the duly completed NIPC Form;
<br />Copies of the Treasury receipt for the purchase of
<br />the NIPC Form;
<br />Copies of the Certificate of Incorporation of the
<br />Applicant's company;
<br />Copies of Uje Tax Clearance Certificate of the
<br />Applicant's company;
<br />of the Memorandum and Articles of
<br />Assi ictation;
<br />.
<br />Kopies of the Treasury receipt as evidence of
<br />pa1 >f ^tamp duties on the authorised share
<br />capital of the« ompany as at the date of application;
<br />Copies of the Joint-Venture Agreement - unless 100
<br />per cent foreign ownership is envisaged;
<br />Copies of the Feasibility Report and Project
<br />Implementation Programme of a company for its
<br />proposed business. It is advisable that quotations,
<br />letters of intent and order to industrial plant and
<br />machinery to be acquired by the company, be
<br />forwarded either as annexes or separately. In order
<br />to discourage the dissipation of administrative
<br />energy on speculative applications, the NIPC
<br />favours the applicant who has demonstrated
<br />positive intention to commence business as and
<br />when approvals have been granted. Hence, the
<br />requests for evidence of acquisition of business
<br />premises and evidence of having sourced the plant
<br />and machinery to be utilised in the company's
<br />business;
<br />Copies of Deed(s) of
<br />evidencing firm commitment
<br />Sub-Lease/Agreement
<br />requ
<br />arni lin
<br /><a name="9">Page 9</a>
<br />incorporate approval of the industrial site locations
<br />indicated in the application;
<br />ft Copies of training programmes or the personnel
<br />policy of the company, incorporating a
<br />management succession schedule for qualified
<br />Nigerians;
<br />I Particulars of names, addresses, nationalities and
<br />occupations of the proposed directors of the
<br />company;
<br />I Job title designations of expatriate quota positions
<br />required, and the academic and working experience
<br />required for the occupations of such positions. It is
<br />pertinent to note that expatriate quota on a
<br />"Permanent Until Reviewed" (PUR) status is only
<br />accorded to a Managing Director, where the non-
<br />resident shareholders own a înajority of the
<br />company's shares, and the authorised capital of the
<br />company is N5 million and above;
<br />> Copies of information brochures on I lie foreign
<br />shareholder (if available) as testimony ol the
<br />international expertise and credibility of the forei
<br />partner in the proposed line of business.
<br />Stage D
<br />• 1. Having obtained the inquisite NIPC
<br />approval and Business Permit Certificate, the n<
<br />resident shareholder must act with despatch to
<br />import its foreign equity holding in the company. To
<br />ensure prompt import of the foreign equity
<br />components, the NIPC may grant Business Permit
<br />but defer approval for the Expatriate Quota and
<br />Pioneer Status and other applicable investment
<br />incentives, until evidence of capital import is
<br />produced.
<br />2. After obtaining a Certificate of Capital
<br />Import from the bank, the NIPC is to be notified of
<br />this fact with the supporting document in order for it
<br />to resume processing of pending approvals that
<br />might have been deferred on such grounds.
<br />• 3. As soon as expatriate quota positions are
<br />granted and the respective individuals to fill the
<br />quota positions are required, the company must
<br />embark on steps to obtain work permits and
<br />residency status for the expatriate employees and
<br />their accompanying spouses and children (if any).
<br />THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A "BUSINESS
<br />PERMIT" AND AN "EXPATRIATE QUOTA"
<br />A business permit, as the name connotes, is the
<br />permanent authorisation for the local operation of
<br />business with foreign investments either as a
<br />branch/subsidiary of a foreign company or otherwise.
<br />An expatriate quota is the official permit to a company,
<br />conveying permission to employ individual expatriates
<br />to specifically approved job designations, and also
<br />specifying the permissible duration of such employment.
<br />The expatriate quota forms the basis of work permits for
<br />expatriate individuals employed (whose qualifications
<br />must fulfil the criteria established for that particular quota
<br />position). Expatriate quota positions are usually granted
<br />for 2-3 years subject to renewal, EXCEPT in cases where
<br />companies qualify for and are granted not more than one
<br />(1) "PUR" Quota (i.e. Permanent Until Reviewed)
<br />position.
<br />THE CURRENT REGULATION ON THE
<br />APPOINTMENT OF FOREIGN DIRECTORS
<br />The promoters of business ventures in Nigeria are free to
<br />appoint directors of their choice, either foreign or
<br />Nigerian, and the directors may be resident or non-
<br />ident. The application to the NIPC must reflect the
<br />names of die proposed Nigerian and foreign directors
<br />ith an indication of resident and non-resident
<br />'dors). TJje Business Permit Certificate consequently
<br />issued following such applications usually reflects the
<br />respective, names of the proprietors of the company, as
<br />well as the directors representing each proprietor or co-
<br />proprietor. Payments of foreign directors' fee are
<br />remittable in the same manner as dividends accruing to
<br />the foreign company. However, since such fees are taxed
<br />at source (5 per cent as a withholding tax), each foreign
<br />director's fees are remittable subject to satisfactory
<br />evidence that the taxable amounts on such fees have
<br />been paid.
<br />PIONEER STATUS (TAX HOLIDAY)
<br />ADVANTAGES TO A COMPANY
<br />The Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act.
<br />Cap. 179, Laws of Nigeria, 1990 declares a number of
<br />industries as pioneer industries. Thus, any company
<br />whose products fall within the categorised industries
<br />could be conferred Pioneer Status.
<br />Thus, designation is not necessarily a reflection that a
<br />company was pioneer per se in the industry, as several
<br />companies within the same pioneer industry
<br />classification could qualify for Pioneer Status. Where the
<br /><a name="10">Page 10</a>
<br />1.
<br />2.
<br />3.
<br />Pioneer and non-pioneer products, the tax relief
<br />available on conferment of the Pioneer Status
<br />would be restricted to income derived from
<br />pioneer products only. Under the current
<br />industrial policy, the conferment of Pioneer
<br />Status accords a company relief from income tax
<br />liability for a period of up to 5 years (tax-holiday
<br />status).
<br />Finally, it should be noted that even if a
<br />company's activities and/or products are
<br />classified within pioneer industries, the grant of
<br />Pioneer Status is not automatic. The criteria for
<br />granting Pioneer Status are related and/or based
<br />on the following considerations:
<br />The amount of underlying capital investment in a
<br />company (N5 million and above) must be verifiable
<br />by physical inspection and supported by a report of
<br />the Industrial Inspectorate Division of the Federal
<br />Ministry of Industries, before a Pioneer Certificate is
<br />granted.
<br />v.
<br />The socio-economic advantages ol a comp^
<br />activities to the Nigerian economy ate set out
<br />Feasibility Study, is also an important consideri
<br />Without prejudice in these condition:
<br />empowered to confer Pioneer Status
<br />investment incentives, in any other de
<br />circumstance, as the Council of NIPC may app
<br />IMPORT FORMALITIES «d
<br />4. All imports into the country must be accompanied by
<br />the following documents:
<br />a) Final invoice/CCVO (duly embossed) which must
<br />contain the following details in addition to those on the
<br />proforma invoioe.
<br />- Form 'M' No;
<br />Prayer description of goods;
<br />Port of Entry (The actual port must be specified e.g.
<br />Tincan, Apapa, Kano, Onne, etc)
<br />Shipment identification, date of shipment;
<br />Country of origin
<br />Country of supply
<br />b) Packinglisl
<br />c) Bill of Lading/Airway bill/Way bill
<br />Carrier Certificate
<br />urance Certificate
<br />Jlonütacturer's certificate which must state the standard
<br />bora tory fcosts1 certificate for chemicals, food,
<br />beverages, pharmaceuticals, electrical appliances c\n<\
<br />gulated products, where applicable.
<br />GUIDELINES TO IMPORTERS AND
<br />EXPORTERS OF GOODS TO NIGERIA
<br />All persons intending to import physical goods into
<br />Nigeria are required in the first instance to process
<br />their Form 'M* through any bank irrespective of the
<br />value and whether payment is involved or not.
<br />All the supporting documents shall be clearly
<br />marked 'Valid for Forex' or 'Non Valid for Forex',
<br />depending on whether or not foreign exchange
<br />remittances would be involved.
<br />Consignments shall bear name of products, country
<br />of origin, specification, due of manufacture, batch
<br />or lot number, standard(s) to which they were
<br />produced (e.g. BS, DIN, ISO/IBC, N1S etc) and in
<br />case of items such as food and drinks and such
<br />related products, they should carry Expiry Date or
<br />the shelf life as well as active ingredi
<br />to be imported into the country must
<br />U; lanr»U>d in Fnglish in addition to any other language
<br />or translation, otherwise the goods would be
<br />confiscated.
<br />• 1. Documentation
<br />i) Completed Form 'M' shall be submitted to the bank with
<br />the following details and supporting documents:
<br />a) Detailed description of the goods including commercial
<br />name for each item, make - whether new, used or
<br />refurbished and the standards adopted;
<br />b) Quantities and/or their measurements;
<br />c) Unit cost of goods;
<br />d) Total cost of goods;
<br />e) Freight cost;
<br />MonV» nf tran
<br /><a name="11">Page 11</a>
<br />31.
<br />4.
<br />WfM
<br />2.
<br />3.
<br />Other charges as reflected on the form 'M' (if any);
<br />Country of origin ;
<br />Country of supply.
<br />Insurance Certificate;
<br />Other documents such as certificate of registration
<br />with NAFDAC. Pharmaceutical Board etc. and any
<br />other additional document that may be prescribed.
<br />All the copies of Form 'M' shall be legible, duly
<br />marked or "Not Valid" as the case may be.
<br />After necessary endorsements by the bank, five (5)
<br />copies shall be forwarded to the relevant Destination
<br />Inspection Agent with documents stated in 1.2(1). The
<br />linai is retained by the bank.
<br />The Destination Inspection Agent
<br />preliminary price analysis on the applicati
<br />"ACCEPTED", the DIA shall retain a copv
<br />distribute a copy each of the Form "M
<br />National Maritime Authi
<br />Nigeria Customs Service
<br />The Importer
<br />Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)
<br />1.
<br />■
<br />IECTED", the DIA shed
<br />bank for necessary amendment.
<br />It shall be the duty of the buyer to ini
<br />appropriate action, if "Accepted".
<br />The final invoice/Combined Certificate ol Value ana '"'-
<br />• Origin (CCVO). Manufacturers Certificate and the bill
<br />of lading shall be presented to the relevant appointed
<br />Destination Inspection Agent's overseas office for price
<br />verification and attestation. If satisfactory, a financial
<br />seal is thereafter affixed to the documents.
<br />8. The attested documents shall be presented,
<br />together with any other relevant documents for ")
<br />negotiation of letter of credit, where applicable. The
<br />attested documents shall also form part of documents
<br />requireds for payment in respect of bill llection
<br />transactions after clearance of goods. For the a)
<br />avoidance of doubt, no letter of credit shall be
<br />negotiated without the presentation of the final
<br />invoice/Combined Certificate of Value and Origin
<br />(CCVO), Manufacturer's Certificate and bill of lading
<br />duly attested and affixed with a security seal by the
<br />overseasjtffiœoUhaappointed Destination Insr
<br />DUTY ASSESSMENT
<br />The importer or his authorised agent can
<br />commence the duty assessment. Agent can
<br />commence the duty assessment process on or
<br />before the arrival of the goods, using among others,
<br />the Final Invoice/CCVO and Single Goods
<br />.Declaration (SGD) Form.
<br />The importer or his authorised agents, after self
<br />assessment of duty shall ensure that the correct duty
<br />and other charges are paid to any of the banks
<br />> ¡nated to collect import duty.
<br />designated bank shall indicate the SGD Form
<br />number on the receipt issued and despatch
<br />accordingly.
<br />Examination of Goods
<br />The importer or his authorised agent can
<br />commence (he duty assessment process on or
<br />befor Iva! of the goods using among others.
<br />and Single Goods
<br />Deci. »(Form.
<br />ion of goods at the ports shall be done
<br />>ms Service jointly with the
<br />Mon Inspection Agent in the
<br />rter or his agent. Where the
<br />¡ion >f ¿i :ed agency such as National
<br />Drug Administration and General
<br />agency shall be available
<br />¡nation of goods.
<br />declaration of goods is forbidden and could
<br />lead to seizure and prosecution.
<br />DESTINATION INSPECTION AGENTS
<br />The Destination Inspection Agents shall work in
<br />close collaboration with the officers of the Nigeria
<br />Customs Service in the discharge of their duties.
<br />The other areas of duties of the Destination
<br />Inspection Agents in addition to examination of
<br />goods shall be:
<br />TALLYING OF GOODS
<br />The Destination Inspection Agents shall be involved
<br />in the tallying of goods and ensure that the correct
<br />containers/volume of are actually tallied,
<br />accounted for and a> jrduty.
<br />STOMS PROCESSING CENTRE
<br />;<cpc)
<br />mure. ii.
<br /><a name="12">Page 12</a>
<br />the discharge of their duties, a proper reconciliation of
<br />details on the manifests, bills of lading, tallying
<br />records and SGD forms.
<br />c) The Destination Inspection Agents will also ensure
<br />that all goods released have been subjected to
<br />payment of duties and other relevant charges.
<br />•
<br />The Destination Inspection Agents shall co-operate
<br />and work in harmony with other operations at the
<br />ports and must engage staff with competence in
<br />relevant fields or related areas in the performance of
<br />their work.
<br />A
<br />An applicant seeking this type of visa must be in
<br />possession of an express approval (visa or any form of
<br />permission) to enter a specified third country, as well as a
<br />confirmed ticket or sufficient funds to pay for any means
<br />of transportation appropriate to reach that country. A
<br />transit visa may also be given at the port of entry on the
<br />specific approval of the Comptroller-General of
<br />Immigration. A transit pass is normally issued whether in
<br />the former or letter case, and it takes the form of an
<br />endorsement by rubber stamp on the passport of the
<br />applicant which shall contain particulars of the port of
<br />entry, the date of entry and the period the person is
<br />permitted to remain in Nigeria in transit.
<br />c)
<br />The Destination Inspection Agents must not buy
<br />any item on auction or otherwise, from the ports.
<br />IMMIGRATION PROCEDURE AND
<br />REQUIREMENTS
<br />1 TYPES OF VISA/ENTRY PERMIT
<br />The knowledge of the various types of visa/e
<br />permit is of crucial importance both io the appli
<br />and to the company or organisation sponsor«
<br />him/her. This is because, in the Nigeria visaaM^H
<br />the type that is given is tied to the purpose for which
<br />the journey is intended and any variation of the visa
<br />with the purpose of journey will render such a visa
<br />inappropriate for entry, leading to either a refusal of
<br />landing or deportation, in the case of a foreigner
<br />already in the country.
<br />There are three main types of visa, viz:
<br />1. Ordinary Visa
<br />2. Diplomatic Visa
<br />3. Gratis Courtesy Visa
<br />The Ordinary Visa is further divided as follows:
<br />a) Transit
<br />b) Single journey
<br />c) Multiple journeys
<br />2. ORDINARY VISA
<br />2.1 Transit
<br />This type of visa is issued to applicants who wish
<br />to pass through Nigeria to a further destination. It
<br />may be obtained at a Nigerian mission and is
<br />given for a period not exceedingseyen (7) days
<br />without reference to the Comptroîlei J of
<br />JE
<br />SINGLE JOURNEY VISA
<br />This is valid fora single entry into Nigeria and may
<br />be issued as:
<br />Short Visa;
<br />! Visa (Subject to Régularisation for Residence
<br />FofH Permit);
<br />^W.R (Temporary Work Permit)
<br />j^HEShORTVISA
<br />This type of single journey visa is issued to
<br />applicants who require a single entry to Nigeria for
<br />the putpoM?T>ÌÉpurism, to see places of interest, or
<br />visit friends and/or relations resident in Nigeria. It
<br />is also issued to applicants who wish to visit
<br />Nigeria for business or meeting. This visa is also
<br />issued at a Nigerian mission abroad without
<br />reference to the Comptroller-General of
<br />Immigration provided that, the applicant who fills
<br />form (IMM 22), is in possession of a return air
<br />ticket to and from Nigeria or an onward ticket for a
<br />further destination, together with a visa or any
<br />other acceptable form of permission to enter that
<br />country. In case a passenger arrives at the port of
<br />entry without a return ticket or onward ticket to a
<br />further destination but it is otherwise found to be
<br />admissible, he/she may be required to deposit the
<br />appropriate amount for the purchase of such
<br />ticket as may be necessary to enable him/her
<br />return to his/her country of domicile, or proceed
<br />to a further destination.
<br />2.2.2 STR VISA (SUBJECT TO
<br />REGULARISATION)
<br />This is the type of visa required by foreigners
<br />seeking to take up employment in Nigeria.
<br />Section 8. sub-section 1, of the Immigration Act
<br />provides that "no person, not being a citizen of
<br />Nigeria, may take up employment in Nigeria
<br />Other ih KaftwWnl
<br /><a name="13">Page 13</a>
<br />or State Government without the consent of the
<br />Comptroller-General of Immigration, "Section 33 of the
<br />Act further provides that an application must be made to
<br />the Comptroller-General by the prospective employer, in
<br />writing, confirming that he/she has a vacancy on the
<br />expatriate quota and at the same time starting the
<br />position in which prospective employee is to be
<br />employed and confirming acceptance of immigration
<br />responsibility
<br />The employer company should apply to the
<br />Nigerian embassy or consular office in the
<br />country where such inte riding
<br />employee/applicant resides, requesting that he
<br />(and his accompanying spouse/fiance/children,
<br />if applicable) be granted STR Visa (subject to
<br />régularisation for residence work permit) when
<br />he arrives in Nigeria. In such application, the
<br />employer company should undertake to assume
<br />immigration and other responsible the
<br />employee (and his accompanying
<br />spouse/fiance/children, if applicable) in Nigeria.
<br />The STR Visa is issued at Nigerian mission
<br />without reference to the Comptroller-General of
<br />Immigration provided the applicant person^
<br />have specified documents. STR Visa is normally
<br />given for 90 days without reference, during
<br />which an application must be made to
<br />Comptroller-General of 'Immigraton '
<br />regularise the stay of the prospective empio
<br />and the person may assume his employment
<br />only when such application is approved an
<br />RESIDENCE WORK PERMITgrante
<br />2.2.3
<br />2.2.4
<br />REGISTRATION OF ALIENS
<br />Having undergone the vaopus legal forma
<br />for residency status, all foreigners are
<br />expected to register their presence at the *
<br />immigration offices closest to their places of
<br />residence or occupation. It should be noted that,
<br />for this purpose, all the State immigration offices
<br />are representatives of the Comptroller-General
<br />of Immigration and application for regulation
<br />should be made to them, which they would refer,
<br />accordingly, for approval to issue the residence
<br />permit.
<br />TEMPORARY WORK PERMIT (T.W.P)
<br />Companies and organisations wishing to engage
<br />the services of expatriates for short period
<br />assignments, are required to apply direct to the
<br />Comptroller-General in Abuja for vis. i
<br />Permits for such expatriates. This is the temporary work
<br />permit visa and it is not issued without reference to the
<br />Comptroller-General of Immigration. If such
<br />applications are submitted at the Nigerian missions
<br />abroad, they must be referred to the Comptroller-
<br />General of Immigration for approvai. The temporary
<br />assignments which are eligible for su. .val include:
<br />1 Erection/installation work;
<br />2 Feasibility studi«
<br />3 Repairs of machinery/equipment;
<br />4. Auditing of accouni
<br />5. Research work and such other assignments as
<br />May fall into this category.
<br />e visa is normally approved by cablegram sent
<br />ough NITEL offices in Nigeria to the Mission from
<br />where it would be issued. The cost of the transmission is
<br />born by the company/ organisation applying for the
<br />ility. The T.W.R Visa is given for a period not
<br />exceeding 3 months and may be extended for a further
<br />period upon application to the Comptroller-General of
<br />UfMEjaatipn who will determine the desirability of such
<br />nsion.
<br />MULTIPLE JOURNEY VISA
<br />This type of visa is normally issued without
<br />reference to the Comptroller-General of
<br />Immigration by the Nigerian missions abroad for a
<br />od not exceeding 12 months, and may be for a
<br />ified number of journeys within the period
<br />anted.
<br />t is normally given mostly to non-resident directors
<br />pi Nigerian- based companies and other foreign
<br />businessmen and women for the purpose of
<br />attending meetings and for other frequent visits, to
<br />pursue ss arrangements, or make
<br />consultations regarding investment projects.
<br />Both the single and multiple journey visas are also
<br />given in Nigeria to employees of
<br />companies/organisations whose stay have been
<br />duly regularised in order to enable them return to
<br />their employment whenever they travel out either
<br />for business or holidays. This is called return or re-
<br />entry visa. Applications for this must be made
<br />personally by the employee in Nigeria and not
<br />from outside the country. The application must be
<br />supported by the employer confirming that the
<br />employee is returning to his job, and reaffirming
<br />acceptance of Immig' ty on be I
<br />the
<br /><a name="14">Page 14</a>
<br />2.
<br />continued availability of the expatriate quota position
<br />to be occupied.
<br />GRATIS COURTESY VISA
<br />This type of visa is normally issued to persons who do
<br />not qualify for diplomatic visa, but who are foreign
<br />government officials travelling on official business. It
<br />may be granted in cases where it is considered
<br />undesirable to accede to an application for a
<br />diplomatic visa but where it is desirable on grounds of
<br />international courtesy to facilitate a journey.
<br />LABOUR, HEALTH, TRADE AND
<br />ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
<br />2. WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT
<br />The laws provide for the payment of compens
<br />to workmen for injuries suffered in the course of
<br />their employment.
<br />3. NATIONAL MINIMUM WAGE
<br />Due to inflationary factors, further wage increases
<br />have been recommended, and minimum wages are
<br />about N6.500 per month. An employer, defined as
<br />someone employing 50 or more persons, is required
<br />to pay the minimum wage defined as the total
<br />emolument payable to a worker.
<br />FACTORIES ACT
<br />The Nigerian law makes general and spei
<br />provisions for the health, safety and welfare of persons
<br />employed in places statutorily defined as "factories"
<br />and for which a certificate of registration is required by
<br />law. It makes general provisions as to the standards of
<br />cleanliness, crowding, ventilation, drainage of floo
<br />and sanitary conveniences: e.g. all factories rou
<br />potable water and washing facilities.
<br />In respect of safety, there are general provisions
<br />the securing, fixing, usage, maintenance and sto
<br />of prime movers, transmission machinery, other
<br />machinery, unfenced machinery, dangerous liquids,
<br />automated machines, hoists and lifts, chains, ropes
<br />and lifting tackle, cranes and other lifting machine
<br />stream boilers, stream receivers, containers, and air
<br />receivers. There are. in addition to these, standards
<br />set for the training and supervision of inexperienced
<br />workers, safe access to any work place, prevention of
<br />fire and safety arrangements in case of fire and first aid
<br />boxes.
<br />Also, the law provides that adequate arrangements
<br />should be made for the removal of dust or fumes from
<br />factories, provision of goggles to protect the eyes in
<br />certain processes and the prevention of eating and
<br />drinking in places where poisonous or injurious
<br />substances give rise to dust of fumes.
<br />It IT^andatcrnJ that all accidents and industrial
<br />diseases be notified to the nearest inspector of factories
<br />and bejnvestigated: it is prohibited for the occupier of
<br />a factory to make any deductions from the wages of
<br />employee n ¡lone or
<br />All employers and trade unions in both the public
<br />and private sectors of the economy are permitted to
<br />make adjustments to total remuneration packages
<br />through the process of collective bargaining. The
<br />remuneration agreed requires the approval of the
<br />Federal Minister of Employment. Labour and
<br />Productivity. Approval will be given where the
<br />¡increases are moderate, non-inflationary and
<br />rs. affordable. The agreed and approved
<br />ve ' ^^ remuneration will apply from the first day of the
<br />calendar month that follows such agreement.
<br />Bacl<
<br />ckdating of increments is not permitted.
<br />e Nigerian Standards Organisation Act, 1971
<br />established as an integral part of the Federal
<br />Ministry of Industries, the Standards Organisation of
<br />Nigeria, to carry out among other things, the
<br />following functions:
<br />To designate, establish and approve standards
<br />in respect of meteorology, materials,
<br />commodities, structures and processes for the
<br />certification of products, commerce, and
<br />industry throughout Nigeria.
<br />To provide necessary measures for quality
<br />control of Mfejjffiaterials and products in
<br />conformity vuifMie standards specifications.
<br />To establish a quality assurance system
<br />including certification of factories, products and
<br />laboratories;
<br />To develop methpds for testing of materials,
<br />supplies and equipment items purchased for
<br />use by public and private establishments:
<br /><a name="15">Page 15</a>
<br />Zw fi^Ä, HtoUl*
<br />o
<br />To undertake preparation and distribution of
<br />standards' samples;
<br />To establish and maintain laboratories necessary
<br />for the performance of its functions.
<br />On the payment of a nominal fee, it is possible to obtain
<br />from the offices of the Standards Organisation of Nigeria.
<br />the prescribed standards for a number of prodi I
<br />4. NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND
<br />DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL
<br />(NAFDAC)
<br />NAFDAC was established in 1993 with ;
<br />to regulate and control the importation.
<br />exportation, manufacturing, advancement,
<br />distribution, sale and use of food, drugs, cosmetics,
<br />medical devices, bottled water and chemi-
<br />5 DRUGS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
<br />No drug product, cosmetic or
<br />be manufactured, imported, expoR^^QjNlNMH
<br />sold or distributed in Nigeria unless ii has be^n
<br />registered in accordance with the provisions <
<br />regulations made under a 1993 Act.
<br />6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REGULATK
<br />Similar to what obtains in several
<br />conventional countries environmeniai protectic
<br />is accorded a lot of prominence in
<br />Federal Environmental Protection,
<br />is charged with overall re
<br />monitoring, supervising and co-ordinating.
<br />Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
<br />A comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment
<br />procedure for Nigeria, as well as EIA guidelines for
<br />various industrial sectors has been compiled.
<br />quality, character, brand, name, value, composition,
<br />merit or safety; or
<br />for the purpose of sale, contract order dealing, uses
<br />»or intends to use any weight, measure or number
<br />which is false or unjust; or
<br />sells any product by weight, measure or number
<br />and delivers to the purchase at a less weight,
<br />measure or number than is purported to be sold,
<br />advertises or invites subscription for any product or
<br />project which does not exist.
<br />Provide speedy redress to consumer complaints
<br />through negotiations, mediation and conciliation;
<br />k ways and means of removin- le market
<br />virdous products and cause offenders to replace
<br />W9tm products with safer and more appropriate
<br />:
<br />sue an offending company, firm, trade
<br />ciati« dual to protect, compensate,
<br />sroyide relief and safeguards to injured consumers
<br />or^Kommunities from adverse effects of
<br />technologies that are inherently harmful, violente
<br />righi y h^zarddus;
<br />This law creates certain offence relating to
<br />malpractices and sets up a Special Trade
<br />Malpractices Investigation Panel to investigate
<br />such offences. The law provides against any
<br />person who:
<br />falsely labels, packages, sells, offers for sale or
<br />undertake campaigns and other
<br />igs that will lead to increased public
<br />forrr
<br />consumer
<br />'encourage the formation of voluntary consumer
<br />groups or associations for consumers' well-being.
<br />compel a manufacturer to certify that all safety
<br />standards are met in their product;
<br />cause, as it deems necessary, quality tests to be
<br />conducted on a consumer product;
<br />demand production of a label showing the date
<br />and place of manufacture of a commodity etc;
<br />compel manufacturers to give public notice of any
<br />health hazards inherent in their products;
<br />ban the sale, distribution, advertisement of
<br />products which do not comply with safely or health
<br />regulativ;
<br /><a name="16">Page 16</a>
<br />36.
<br /><a name="17">Page 17</a>
<br />9W (/OWrifosL 7\oMC'*
<br />A)
<br />1,
<br />1. TAXATION
<br />Nigerian taxation has become quite sophisticated
<br />in recent times. Several new measures have been
<br />put in place to encourage investments generally
<br />while certain undesirable or outdated provisions
<br />have been eliminated. Following the report of the
<br />Study Group on the Nigerian Tax System and
<br />Administration in 1992. the evolution of taxation
<br />has continued with the introduction of various
<br />amendments to the substantive tax laws and an
<br />overall improvement in the machinery of tax
<br />administration in the country. 7.
<br />1.1 LIST OF APPROVED TAXES AND LEVIES
<br />FOR THE THREE TIERS OF
<br />GOVERNMENT
<br />A list of taxes and levies for collection by
<br />tiers of government has been appro
<br />government and published by the Joint Tax Boar
<br />(J.T.B).
<br />The approved taxes and levies
<br />Taxes Collectible by pe ¿edöral (
<br />Companies Income Tax;
<br />2. Withholding tax on companies;
<br />3. Petroleum Profit Tax;
<br />4. Value-Added Tax (VAT);
<br />5. Education Tax;
<br />6. Capital-gains tax - Abuja residents aníí corporate
<br />bodies; 8.
<br />7. Stamp duties involving a corporate entity;
<br />8. Personal Income Tax in respect of: 9
<br />(i) Armed Forces Personnel; 10
<br />(¡i) Police Personnel; \\
<br />(iii) Residents of Abuja. FCT; 12.
<br />(iv) External Affairs Off icers; and 13
<br />(v) Non-residents
<br />B. TAXES/LEVIES COLLECTIBLE BY STATE
<br />GOVERNMENTS 14.
<br />1. Personal Income Tax 15
<br />(i) Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE)
<br />(ii) Direct (self and government) assessment 16
<br />(iii) withholding tax (individuals only);
<br />2. Capital gains tax 17
<br />3. Stamp duties (instruments executed by
<br />individuals)
<br />4. Pools betting, lotteries, gaming and casino
<br />taxes
<br />Road taxes
<br />Business premises registration and renewal
<br />levy
<br />urban areas (as defined by each State)
<br />maximum of N10.000 for registration and N5.000
<br />for the renewal per annum.
<br />rural areas
<br />registration N2.000 per annum
<br />renewal Nl .000 per annum
<br />Development levy (individuals only) not
<br />more than N100 per annum on all taxable
<br />individuals
<br />Naming of street registration fee in State
<br />Right of occupancy fees in State capital
<br />Rates in markets where state finances are
<br />ctlble by Local Government
<br />and kiosks rates
<br />enernenr rates
<br />On and off liquor licence
<br />er slab fees
<br />irth and death registration fees
<br />eet registration for (excluding state
<br />Right of occupancy fees (excluding state capitals)
<br />Market/motor park fees (excluding markets where
<br />state finances are involved)
<br />Domestic animal licence
<br />Bicycle truck, canoe, wheel barrow and cart fees
<br />Cattle tax
<br />Merriment and road closure fees
<br />Radio/Television (other than Radio/TV transmitter)
<br />licences and vehicle radio licence (to be imposed
<br />by the Local Government in which the car is
<br />registered)
<br />Wrong parking charges
<br />Public convenience, sewage and refuse disposal
<br />fees
<br />Customary, burial ground and religious places
<br />permits; and
<br />Signboard/advertisement permit
<br /><a name="18">Page 18</a>
<br />39.
<br />2. ' TRANSACTION TAXES
<br />2.1 WITHHOLDING TAX RATES AND ITEMS CHARGEABLE
<br />For both the individual and company, there is a system of withholding tax in lieu of the tax payers
<br />making the final tax returns. The system is to help the taxpayer to fulfill their tax obligation in a
<br />gradual process. It also helps the tax office to build information bank to combat tax evasion. The
<br />widening of the tax base has been the harvest of the system since it was introduced in Nigeria.
<br />The prevailing rates of withholding tax for individuals and companies are specified below:
<br />Types of Payment
<br />APPLICABLE RATES
<br />Individual
<br />Dividend, interest & rent 10%
<br />Royalties 15%
<br />Commission, Consultancy Technical
<br />& Management Fees 5%
<br />Construction 5%
<br />Contract of Supplies
<br />Companies
<br />10%
<br />15%
<br />2.2
<br />1.
<br />2.
<br />3.
<br />2.3
<br />2.4
<br />CAPITAL GAINS TAX,
<br />As from 1996, gains accruing to a^fc; payer or
<br />the disposal of a "chargeable asset" are subject
<br />a capital gains tax at 10 per ceni. Chargea'
<br />assets are defined to include all forms of prope
<br />whether situated in Nigeria or not. includi
<br />Options, debts and
<br />generally
<br />Any currency other than lNigenan currenc^^^^^
<br />Any form of property created by the person
<br />disposing of it, or otherwise coming to be owned
<br />without being acquired (Shares and stocks of
<br />every description were exempted as chargeable
<br />assets with effect from January 1998).
<br />VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT)
<br />Government has approved the introduction with
<br />effect from January 1994 of Value-Added Tax to
<br />replace the existing sales tax. It is a tax of 5 per
<br />cent for specified categories of taxable goods and
<br />services.
<br />EDUCATION TAX
<br />Since 1995, an education tax of 2 per cent of
<br />assessable profits was imposed on all companies
<br />incorporated in Nigeria. The tax is a social
<br />obligation by all companies to improve the
<br />standard of education facilities in the country.
<br />STAMP DUTIES
<br />The administration of stamp duties is jointly
<br />carried out,by the State and Federal authorities,
<br />depending on the type and nature of document.
<br />Stamp duties are regarded as transaction taxes,
<br />the rates chargeable would depend on the
<br />ppcation of the document. Some documents
<br />attract stamp duties on flat rate basis while others
<br />are assessed and valued.
<br />3. PERSONAL INCOME TAX
<br />3.1 BASIS OF LIABILITY TO PERSONAL
<br />INCOME TAX
<br />A tax payer is liable to tax in Nigeria on the
<br />aggregate amount of his incomes from sources
<br />inside or outside Nigeria, that is, on his global
<br />income. Under the present law, income earned
<br />overseas by a Nigerian or foreigner resident in
<br />Nigeria would appear to be liable to local taxation
<br />whether or not such income is remitted into
<br />Nigeria, if for example, the income can be related
<br />to an employment exercise in Nigeria.
<br />3.2 RESIDENCY TEST
<br />From 1990, the 193 day test utilized to establish
<br />the taxability of employment income is to be
<br />calculated on a twelve month period
<br />commencing in a calendar year and ending either
<br />with the same calendar year or the followir
<br /><a name="19">Page 19</a>
<br />4
<br />r.
<br />3.3 INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT
<br />As regards the taxation of income from
<br />employment, the law is concerned with the totality
<br />of the remuneration, earnings or bodies in cash or
<br />kind obtained by an employee. The particular
<br />nomenclature or description of what an employee
<br />gets is irrelevant. What is crucial is whether or not
<br />such earnings or benefits become due to an
<br />employee as a result of his employment.
<br />Consequently, any salary, wages, fees, allowances
<br />or other gains or profits from an employment,
<br />including gratuities, compensation, bonuses,
<br />premium, benefits or other prerequisites allowed,
<br />given or granted by an employer to an employee
<br />are taxable. However, to this general rule, are a
<br />number of exceptions.
<br />In computing the income or loss of an individual,
<br />certain outgoings and expenses are specifically
<br />allowed.
<br />3.4 TAX CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE
<br />The possession of a tax clearance certificate (TCC)
<br />for three years immediately preceding the current
<br />year of assessment by individuals and companies
<br />is a new legal requirement for most transaction
<br />with any ministry department or agency of
<br />government.
<br />4 COMPANIES INCOME TAX
<br />4.1 BASIS OF LIABILITY TO COMPANIES
<br />INCOME TAX
<br />This is tax payable for each year of assessment on
<br />the profits of any company accruing in, derived
<br />from, brought into or received in Nigeria in respect
<br />of all kinds of income, that is, income derived from
<br />a trade, business or investments. Thus, the tax
<br />holiday of companies in Nigeria is.
<br />primarily on species of income having their source
<br />or deemed sourced within the country as well as
<br />on remittances. From 1996, the rate of companies
<br />income tax in Nigeria is 30 per cent
<br />42 DIVIDENDS AND OTHER COMPANY
<br />DISTRIBUTION
<br />A company paying dividends to its shareholders is
<br />free of all but obliged to pay tax on its profits at the
<br />companies tax rate before paying dividends to its
<br />' shareholders. As a general rule, any dividend or
<br />other company distribution whether or not of a
<br />capital nature, made by a Nigerian company is
<br />liable to a withholding tax at source of 10 per cent.
<br />However, any dividend paid a company in the
<br />form of bonus/scrip share issue is not taxable in the
<br />hands of individual shareholders and is excluded
<br />from the profits of any other company that is a
<br />shareholder in such company.
<br />5. DOUBLE TAXATION AGREEMENTS
<br />In the last few years, double taxation agreements
<br />have been entered into by Nigeria with a number
<br />of countries. These agreements are entered into
<br />with a view to affording relief from double taxation
<br />in relation to taxes imposed on profit taxable in
<br />Nigeria and any taxes of similar character imposed
<br />by the laws of the country concerned.
<br />The method of relief of double taxation under
<br />Nigeria's tax treaties is by way of a "tax credit".
<br />The mechanism of the tax credit is such that the
<br />tax payable in Nigeria on profits of a Nigerian
<br />company being remitted into the country is
<br />reduced by the amount of "foreign tax" paid
<br />abroad. The converse position is equally true
<br />where an overseas company receive profits from
<br />Nigeria that have already been taxed in Nigeria.
<br />REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY INTO MINERAL
<br />DEVELOPMENT/EXPLOITATION IN NIGERIA
<br />PERMIT
<br />Entry permit into the mining
<br />sector
<br />Prospecting Right/licence
<br />Exclusive prospecting Right/
<br />Licence (for areas up to
<br />butnolexceedir
<br />REQUIREMENT
<br />DURATION
<br />Statement of financial capability
<br />Statement of technical capability
<br />Proof of statutory existence of
<br />company
<br />Certificate of entry into mining
<br />Prospecting Licence
<br />- Same as above
<br />Life
<br />1 Year renewals
<br />Alluvial-Maximum of 2
<br />Bassalt-Maximum of 4
<br />Lode-Maximum of 5
<br />Duration of 1 -5 years
<br />Renewals depending on
<br />remaining reserves
<br /><a name="20">Page 20</a>
<br />PERMIT
<br />Mining Lease (gives right to
<br />mine specified land area of
<br />80 hectares
<br />Special Mining Lease for an
<br />area larger than 80 hectares
<br />REQUIREMENT
<br />- Processing of a Prospecting
<br />Right
<br />- Exclusive Prospecting Licence or
<br />- Special Exclusive Prospecting
<br />Licence
<br />- Submission of a plan of the
<br />prospecting done, a schedule of
<br />the minerafValue fourM-and a
<br />statement of one reserves.
<br />- Submission of an environmental
<br />impact assessment and
<br />protection plan ^^^
<br />Entry into the Mining industry
<br />DURATION
<br />Not exceeding 21 years
<br />renewals depending on
<br />remaining reserves
<br />Same as above
<br />Prospecting Right (PR)
<br />- Statement of financial capabil
<br />- Statement of Technical
<br />competence MPfe
<br />- Proof of statutory existence of
<br />company I - '
<br />- Evidence of tax clearance
<br />- Payment of prescribed fee
<br />- Certificate of entry i nto the
<br />Mining Industry
<br />- Payment of Prescribed fee
<br />Metallic minerals not more
<br />than 21 years. Non-metallic
<br />■minerals not exceeding
<br />70 years. Renewals
<br />Minister's discretion, for
<br />nofmorethan21 years
<br />Life
<br />à
<br />at
<br />lU
<br />1 year (renewable annually)
<br />Exclusive Prospecting
<br />Licence (E.P.L) for areas
<br />up to but not exceeding
<br />20.72km2)
<br />Special Exclusive Prosting
<br />Licence (S.E.P.L) for areas
<br />greater than 20.72km & of
<br />difficult terrain
<br />Mining Lease (M.L)
<br />Special Mining Lease
<br />(SML) for areas greater
<br />than that of M.L. with
<br />difficult terrain and large
<br />capital outlay
<br />Certificate of entry into the
<br />Mining Industry
<br />Extant Prospecting Right (PR)
<br />Payment of prescribed fee
<br />Certificate of entry into the
<br />Mining Industry
<br />Extant Prospecting Right (PR)
<br />Payment of prescribed fee
<br />Certificate of entry into the
<br />Mining Industry
<br />Extant Prospering Right (PR)
<br />EPLorSEPL
<br />Prospecting plant of the area
<br />showing One reserve estimates
<br />Payment of prescribed fee
<br />Certificate of entry into Mining
<br />Industry
<br />Extant Prospecting Right (PR)
<br />EPLorSEPL
<br />Prospecting plant of the area
<br />showing One reserve estimates
<br />Payment of prescribed fee
<br />Alluvial Deposits maximum
<br />Bassalt Maximum of
<br />4 renewals
<br />Lode: Maximum of
<br />5 renewals
<br />1 -5 years
<br />Up to 21 years renewable
<br />depending on remaining
<br />One reserve
<br />Up to 21 years renewable
<br />depending on the remaining
<br />One reserve
<br /><a name="21">Page 21</a>
<br />ZAMFARA STATE INVESTMENTS AND
<br />PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED
<br />No 40 Zaria Road, Opposite Govt Girls Sec. School. Samaru-Gusau,
<br />P.M.B. 01104, Gusau. Zamfara State, Nigeria.
<br />BACKGROUND
<br />Zamfara State Investments and Property Dev. Co. Ltd, a development
<br />finance institution was incorporated in January 2000, primarily to
<br />promote and stimulate industrial and economic development of
<br />Zamfara State in particular and Nigeria in general.
<br />MISSION
<br />Our mission at ZIPDC is to create a unique investment
<br />outfit providing creative and effective solutions to business
<br />requirements and problems of our customers. The aim is
<br />achieved through the creation of good working
<br />relationship and understanding of our customers' need.
<br />Guided by this, and the conviction that the overall
<br />development of our economic environment depends to a
<br />large extent on the level of real investments taking place
<br />therein, we have actively positioned ourselves for the
<br />promotion of activities in both the productive and financial
<br />sectors of the economy.
<br />OUR SERVICES
<br />1. CONSULTANCY SERVICES
<br />ZIPDC provides consultancy advisory services on management,
<br />legal and technical matters to clients on industrial and
<br />commercial projects, as well as identifying, developing and
<br />implementing of such projects. We also conduct researches
<br />into matters of industrial, monetary and economic policies and
<br />makes such information available to investing public.
<br />The following are some of the major consultancy services:
<br />a) FEASIBILITY STUDIES
<br />We conduct and provide project profiles, pre-feasibility and
<br />feasibility studies for clients wishing to set-up industrial and
<br />commercial projects.
<br />b) INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY STUDIES
<br />We assist clients to identify business opportunities for investment as
<br />well as provide services for them in areas of incorporation of
<br />new companies.
<br />c) EXPERT MANAGEMENT ADVISORY SERVICES
<br />ZIPDC also provides expert professional advisory services to
<br />clients in all ramifications, as well as to associated companies on
<br />request.
<br />d) SYNDICATION FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
<br />ZIPDC also assists its clients in the syndication of financial and
<br />credit facilities from other financial institutions.
<br />e) TECHNICAL SERVICES
<br />We also assist investors in identifying and making contacts with
<br />reliable and reputable joint venture partners, technical partners
<br />and reputable manufacturers/suppliers of plant, machinery and
<br />equipment.
<br />0 SEMINARS AND CONFERENCES
<br />We also organise seminars, conferences and workshops aimed
<br />at enlightening the general public on matters relating to
<br />investment opportunities and government economic policies.
<br />Most of the above mentioned consultancy services are offered
<br />for a stipulated affordable prices which depends on the
<br />complexity of the job.
<br />2. PROJECTS PROMOTION
<br />One of the key activities of ZIPDC is the promotion and
<br />development of technically feasible and commercially viable
<br />industrial projects. We accord priority to projects that:
<br />- Source their raw materials locally.
<br />May process inputs with high export potentials
<br />- Agro-allied and food processing
<br />industries.
<br />Founderies. engineering and metal
<br />industries.
<br />- Mining and mineral processing etc.
<br />3. L.P.O. FINANCING SERVICE
<br />This service was introduced by ZIPDC to assist
<br />individual and institutional contractors with
<br />short-term financial assistance needed to
<br />execute contracts awarded. The aim of the
<br />service is to help the indigenous business men,
<br />because of the financial constraints to business
<br />activities in the economy to be able to
<br />supplement the efforts of banks. The short-term financial
<br />services are offered at a very competitive interest rates and
<br />devoid of cumbersome documentation requirements.
<br />4. INVESTMENT COUNSELLING
<br />At ZIPDC. we advise various clients on the best mix of investment
<br />acquisitions in terms of shares, debentures and stocks
<br />purchases. This counselling is done for both individual and
<br />institutional investors. The charges for this service is free in
<br />order to inculcate the idea of capital markets utilisation.
<br />5 PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
<br />ZIPDC also provides portfolio management services for interested
<br />clients. At the moment, we are offering such services to some of
<br />the State Government's investments portfolio entrusted to us as
<br />well as some Local Governments in the State.
<br />6. LEASING AND HIRE PURCHASING SERVICES
<br />This is a relatively young financial support services introduced by
<br />ZIPDC to assist clients especially as a result of hardship
<br />experienced by investors in sourcing for funds from the money
<br />market. ZIPDC would finance the purchase of equipment or
<br />machines and gives it on lease or hire to its clients at competitive
<br />rates.
<br />7 GENERAL MERCHANDIZING AND WAREHOUSE
<br />FINANCING
<br />ZIPDC also provides general merchandizing services and
<br />warehouse financing. Individual and corporate clients are
<br />provided with financial assistance in establishing their wares to
<br />a corporate standard. Build purchases reduces unit cost and
<br />provides maximum profits for clients.
<br />FUTUREPLANS
<br />The immediate future plan of ZIPDC is the realisation of projects
<br />currently under implementation, as well as the diversification of
<br />investment portfolio holdings. However, ZIPDC is also pursuing a
<br />vigorous enlightenment programme campaigns to the business
<br />community in the State in a bid to improve the industrial productive
<br />sectors. ZIPDC is also committed to seeing that such business ideas
<br />conceived, are fully implemented.
<br /><a name="22">Page 22</a>
<br />Design/
<br />INTERACTIVE MEDIA SERVICE!</div></span>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com27tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-84771812579418104332010-02-15T14:09:00.000+01:002010-02-15T14:19:27.128+01:00BRIEF HISTORY OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS , THE EMIR OF GUMMI ALH ALIYU ISAH (MON) EMIR OF GUMMI<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3lJYNCm6rI/AAAAAAAAACo/66aH32RZdf0/s1600-h/HRH.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438458705192872626" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 220px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3lJYNCm6rI/AAAAAAAAACo/66aH32RZdf0/s320/HRH.jpg" border="0" /></a><br /><div align="justify"><br /><span style="font-family:verdana;color:#3333ff;">THE BIOGRAPHY OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE EMIR OF GUMMI<br />ALHAJI ALIYU ISAH GUMMI (MON), CHAIRMAN GUMMI EMIRATE COUNCIL, ZAMFARA STATE.<br />His royal highness the Emir of Gummi Alhaji Aliyu Isah Gummi (MON), was born in Gummi in 1925 by M. Tudu Rafi Isah Gummi, the Son of Sarkin Mafaran Gummi Muhammadu Andi, son of sarkin mafaran Gummi Abdullahi Laje, son of sarkin mafaran Gummi Ummarun Dan aisha, son of sarkin mafaran GummiAdamu Bawan Yari, son of sarkin mafaran Gummi Muhammadu waru, who was the founder and first sarkin Gummi installed by shehu Usman danfodio in 1782. His royal highness Alhaji Aliyu Isah Gummi is 84 years old presently.<br />HIS EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND<br />His royal Highness the Emir of Gummi Alhaji Aliyu Isah Gummi obtained Qur’anic and western education and attended schools and collages as fallows:-<br />Dogon Daji Elementary school in the year 1931-1934<br />Sokoto middle school from 1935-1939<br />Bauchi Teachers Collage from 1940-1943 where he obtained his Grade III certificate.<br />Sokoto Teachers Collage (TISEP) from 1967-1969 for his Grade II Teachers certificate.<br />HIS FAMOUS FRIENDS WHILE IN SCHOOL<br />His royal highness the Emir of Gummi Alhaji Aliyu Isah (MON) during his studies at various school an collages does many friends or class mate at both middle and elementary schools. Among the famous one are:-<br />Alh. Ibrahim Dasuki CON, the 18th sultan if Sokoto.<br />Alh. Shehu Aliyu Shagari (Turakin Sokoto) Former President in the 2nd republic.<br />Alhaji Sani Bakura (Father of Sen. Ahmed Sani (yariman Bakura Sardaunan Zamfara) former Zamfara state Governor.<br />Late Sheikh Abubakar Mahmud Gummi ( a renowned Islamic preacher in the country). His royal highness the emir of Gummi taught in many places in Nigeria, among his pupil during his teaching career at Anka Elementary school were:-<br />Mal. Lawali Ahmed Anka( Late sarkin Anka and the father of present Emir of Anka Alh. Attahiru Ahmed Anka (CON) Chairman zamfara state council of chiefs).<br />Alh. Abubakar Anka I (sarkin Alhazzai of Zamfara).<br />LIFE IN CIVIL SERVICE<br />HRH the Emir of Gummi Alh. Aliyu Isah Gummi MON, taught in Anka elementary school as a teacher for 3 years from 1943 to 1945, and Gummi Elementary school for one year from 1946 to 1947. He was posted to Dange Elementary School (now in Sokoto) as assistant head Teacher from 1948 to 1949 and was transferred back to Gummi Elementary school as the rank of Head Master and serve for twenty one years(21yrs) from 1950 to 1971.<br />HRH the Emir of Gummi Alh. Aliyu Isah MON was elected as first Chairman Gummi Local Government in the year 1977 to 1979. He was also elected as member National assembly Lagos from 1st October 1979 to 31st December 1982 under defunct party of National party of Nigeria (NPN).<br />His royal Highness the Emir of Gummi was installed as the district Head of Gummi "Sarkin Mafaran Gummi", in the year 1983, the title of which he was holding until 25-07-1997 when the Zamfara State Military administrator colonel Jibril Bala yakubu announced the establishment of the state council of chiefs and the title refers to as Emir of Gummi(" Sarkin Gummi"). HRH the Emir has been appointed as 2nd class Emir also the chairman Gummi Emirate council on 25-07-1997.<br />However His Royal Highness the emir of Gummi Alh. Aliyu Isah MON has been upgraded to the rank of first class emir on 27-05-2003, by His Excellency the executive Governor of Zamfara State. Alh. Ahmed sani Yariman Bakura Sardaunan Zamfara.<br /></div></span>Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-75433633581475271502010-02-12T10:32:00.001+01:002010-03-08T13:13:06.435+01:00BRIEF HISTORY OF ZAMFARA STATE<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3UjC6D-dEI/AAAAAAAAAB0/z6j9XGHrBYY/s1600-h/Zamfara.bmp"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5437290657972384834" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 130px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 106px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3UjC6D-dEI/AAAAAAAAAB0/z6j9XGHrBYY/s320/Zamfara.bmp" border="0" /></a><br />
<div><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3UjCzd4BvI/AAAAAAAAABs/M7yvKl8WdsU/s1600-h/Gov.bmp"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5437290656201967346" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 130px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 114px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3UjCzd4BvI/AAAAAAAAABs/M7yvKl8WdsU/s320/Gov.bmp" border="0" /></a><br />
<br />
<div><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3UjCiL6oDI/AAAAAAAAABk/GF5mPaqvxWQ/s1600-h/Sarkin+zamfara.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5437290651563237426" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 103px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 130px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_T_b7_g_9BNs/S3UjCiL6oDI/AAAAAAAAABk/GF5mPaqvxWQ/s320/Sarkin+zamfara.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="justify">The <span style="font-family:verdana;">A</span>rea today called Zamfara state was one of the old Hausa city-states like Kano, Katsina, Gobir, Kabi and Zazzau. It extends up to the bend of River Rima to the north west and River Ka in the south west. Zamfara Kingdom was established in the 11th century and flourished up to 16th century as a city-state. Its capital has shifted with the fortunes of the kingdom from place to place like Dutsi and Birnin Zamfara. In the first half of the 18th century, its then capital Birnin Zamfara, was destroyed by the Gobir Kingdom and a new capital was established in Anka by the second half of the 19th century. Zamfara had many centers of commerce and scholarship that attracted many scholars like the Yandoto city. It became part of the <a class="new" title="Sokoto Caliphat (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sokoto_Caliphat&action=edit&redlink=1">Sokoto Caliphat</a>e after the 1804 <a title="Jihad" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad">jihad</a> by <a title="Usman dan Fodio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a>. In fact, Usman Danfodiyo settled in Sabon Gari where Sarkin Zamfara Abarshi had already established a garrison headquarters during the early days of his Jihad as a base from where fought Gobir and Kabi.<br />
At the wake of British colonialism, the emerging town of Gusau became an important commercial and administrative center with road and rail networks passing through it. With the creation of States during the Gowon Administration, Zamfara Kingdom became part of the then North West State and latter Sokoto State.</div></div></div>HISTORY OF ZAMFARA STATE<br />
<br />
Introduction<br />
<br />
Zamfara State is one of the States created on 1st October 1996 by General Sani Abacha, GCON, Head of State, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.<br />
<br />
The State got its name from Zamfarawa, the traditional appellation by which the people of Anka, a town which had been the Headquarters of Zamfara Empire from ancient times had been called for ages. The creation of the State ended decades of unrelenting and tortuous agitation.<br />
<br />
Historical Background<br />
Zamfara Kingdom was from the 15th Century one of the Kingdoms that made up the old Sokoto caliphate. The Kingdom extended from the River Rima Bend in the North down to River Ka in the South – West. By the first decade of the 16th Century Zamfara Kingdom had become a flourishing dynasty operating under the Sarauta System of Sarikin Zamfara. Its first capital was Sutsi. Many Kings and a Queen reigned at Dutsi. They included Bakurukuru; Dakka; Kakai – kakai; Dudufaru; Jatau and Queen Yargoji. Queen Yargoje ascended the throne in 1310 and reigned till 1350. She relocated the capital of the Kingdom from Dutsi to a more tragically defendable area at Kuyambana, a thickly forested zone to the South – West. This zone is today believed to be somewhere in Dansadau. <br />
<br />
Yargoje was a very powerful ruler and her reign ushered in an era of peace and progress to the Kingdom. The remains of that dynasty is today a today a tourist attraction while her famous lamp, the Yargoje Lamp, is one of the prominent artifacts in the Sokoto State History Bureau Museum. Her immediate successor moved the capital once again to Birnin Zamfara.<br />
<br />
However, this powerful Kingdom collapsed when its capital, Birnin Zamfara was destroyed by the forces of Gobirawa in the second half of the 18th Century. This led to yet another relocation of the capital Southwards. It was temporarily based at different times at Kiyawa, Morai, Sabon-Gari and finally settled at Anka where a new permanent capital was built in the second half of the 19th century.<br />
<br />
Before the Jihad, Zamfara Kingdom was a power that was reckoned with in the socio-geopolitical setting of the era in Hausa land. When the Jihad broke out in 1840, Zamfara became the base from which the Jihadist launched campaigns against both Gobir and Kebbi. The security available in Zamfara enhanced its significance and strategic importance in the appreciation of the Jihadist leader, Sheikh Shehu Usman Dan-Fodio (of blessed memory).<br />
So when he decided to escape from the constant harassment of Kebbi and Gobir, it was to Zamfara territory that he came with his followers. He moved to Sabon – Gari where Sarkin Zamfara Abarshi had already established a Garrison Headquarters. (Sabon – Gari is in present day Bakura District, Bakura local Government).<br />
<br />
Inside the territory of Zamfara Empire of that period there were also in residence other tribes and ethnic settlements scattered all over the Empire, especially in Zurmi; Bungudu; jabaka (Maku District)and Jangeru (Isa Local Government); Katsinawa around the eastern border at Yandoto (Gusau District); Kotorkoshi, Kuhambana and Burmawa in Bakura District. These ethnic groups settled alongside the Zamfarawa and with time interacted freely and even inter-married.<br />
<br />
After the Jihad, some key lieutenants of Sheikh Shehu Usman Dan-Fodio were appointed to administer parts of the Kingdom and were given pleni-potentiary powers. The Alibawa Clan Head (Abu Hamid) was appointed as Sarkin Zamfara. He was deployed to Zurmi; Mallam Sambo Dan Ashafa as Sarkin Katsinan Gusau; ibrahim Dan Zundumi as the Srikin Fulani Bungudu; namoda as Sarkin Kiya wa based at Kaura namoda while the title of Bango was conferred on Dadi, an Adar Fulani residing in Maru.<br />
<br />
During the colonial era and even after independence in 1960, Zamfara was still regarded as semi-autonomous by successive governments. This was why an assistant Divisional Officer (ADO) was stationed at Gusau to take charge of the Sub-Treasury and other Administrative Zonal Offices established in the town. Even the Sokoto Native Authority established Native Authority Branch offices to supervise the administration of the Zone, Sir Ahmadu Bello the Sardauna of Sokoto and First Premier of the defunct Northern Region was deployed to Gusau in 1938 to head and supervise all the Native Administration Branch offices in Gusau.Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2829868624705017472.post-66334482832844720992010-02-11T18:50:00.001+01:002010-03-08T11:50:28.998+01:00DO YOU KNOW ZAMFARA: A STATE IN NIGERIA?Zamfara State is a state in northwestern Nigeria. Its capital is Gusau and its Governor is Mahmud Shinkafi, a former member of the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP), now a member the People's Democratic Party (PDP). Until 1996 the area was part of Sokoto State. Zamfara State was the first in Nigeria to introduce the Sharia. The area today called Zamfara State was one of the old Hausa City-States like Kano, Katsina, Gobir, Kabi and Zazzau. It extends up to the bend of River Rima to the NorthWest and River Ka in the SouthWest. Zamfara Kingdom came into being in the 11th century and flourished up to 16th century as a City-State. Its capitals have shifted with the fortunes of the kingdom from place to place like Dutsi and Birnin Zamfara. In the first half of the 18th century, its then capital Birnin Zamfara, was destroyed by the Gobir Kingdom and a new capital was established in Anka by the second half of the 19th century. Zamfara has many centres of commerce and scholarship that attracted many scholars like the ‘Yandoto city. It became part of the Sakkwato Caliphate after the 1804 Jihad by Usman Danfodiyo. In fact, Usman Danfodiyo settled in Sabon Gari where Sarkin Zamfara Abarshi had already established a garrison headquarters during the early days of his Jihad as a base from where fought Gobir and Kabi. Zamfara is peopled by Hausa and Fulani peoples. Major groups of people include the Zamfarawa mainly peopling Anka, Gummi, Bukkuyum and Talata Mafara Local Governments areas. Gobirawa peopled Shinkafi Local Government. Gobirawa actually migrated from the Gobir Kingdom. Burmawa are found in Bakura and Fulani peopled Bungudu, Maradun, Gusau and are scattered all over the State. In Tsafe, Bungudu and Maru Local Governments are mainly Katsinawa, Garewawa and Hadejawa. While Alibawa peopled Kaura Namoda and Zurmi.<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">GEOGRAPHY<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">LOCATION<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Zamfara state has 14 local governments. It covers a land area of 38,414 square kilometers. It has Sokoto state to the North, Kebbi and <st1:country-region w:st="on">Niger</st1:country-region> states to th west, Katsina to the east and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Kaduna</st1:city></st1:place> to the south.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">RAIN FALL<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The average amount of rain fall in the area fluctuates between 36 and 80 millimeters in a year.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">RIVERS<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">There are four major rivers in the state namely: Ka, Bunsuru, Gagare and Zamfara.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">LAKES<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">There are several lakes in zamfara: The most famouis one sare Dangulbi (Kakale) and Bakura (Natu). Smaller ones include Saru (Gummi) and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Jena</st1:city></st1:place> (Zurmi)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">CLIMATE<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Dry seasons including Whirl Wind – November to May<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 38.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Rainy season June to October<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">GEOLOGY<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Zamfara is part of the geological belt of pre Cambrian age, formed as a result of metamorphosis and igneous activities. The granite parts come in to groups: The younger and the older. The older granites are more wide spread. They form smooth rounded hills which characterized the landscape of the basement complex area; the hills occasionally rise up to 200 meters. A good example is found in Kotorkoshi and Tsafe. The younger granite which is of Jurassic age intrudes into the basement complex in the plateau areas as in Yandoto. There are tertiary sediments which have resulted in limestone, clay, graphite, stone and coal.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">VEGETATION<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The vegetation is a hybrid of southern <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sudan</st1:country-region> and northern <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Guinea</st1:country-region></st1:place> savannah.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">POPULATION<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">The population was estimated at 2,231,402 people (1991 census)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">TOURIST ATTRACTIONS<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Zamfara state is endowed with a good number of tourist attractiobns: they include Kuyambana game reserve, Dajin Rugu; Bakalori Dam; Dangulbi pound (Kakale); Ruwan Kaiwa; Rumu; Surguma; ChilbinKaya; Serakkaera where crocodiles reside; Forest Reserve at Dowan Jiya; Bagega and Wuya where Elephant, Lion, Hyena, Tigers, Gorillas and Hippopotami take shelter, cultural historic sites like Kotarkoshi Rock; Baura and Kyauka cultural festivals in Kotarkoshi and Kanioma; Namoda tomb in Kaura Namoda, Rivers Ka and Zamfara in Anka; Ganuwa city wall at Kiyawa ; Kanoma Hills and Shamushalle Elephants grazing reserved. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br />
Garba Bashiruhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03735274861444959635noreply@blogger.com1